เรื่องของจังหวะ...
บทความนี้ได้ข้อมูลมาจากหนังสือที่ดีมากๆๆๆๆเล่มนึง อรอ่านหลายรอบมากเพราะเขียนดีจริงๆ หนังสือชื่อ The Practice and Science of Drawing โดย Harold Speed
แนะนำว่าให้ไปหามาอ่าน คนที่ชอบศิลปะจะสนุกสนานไปกับมันมาก. ไม่จำเป็นต้องวาดรูปได้ก็สนุกเพราะมีข้อมูลลึกๆชวนคิดเกี่ยวกับศิลปะมากมายแบบที่หาเล่มอื่นเทียบยากค่ะ
ขออภัยถ้าอ่านแล้วงงๆ อาจจะแปลเป็นภาษาไทยไม่ค่อยถูกต้อง ช่วย comment แนะนำได้เลยนะคะ🙏
คำว่าจังหวะในบริบทของศิลปะนั้นพูดถึงพลังของลายเส้น, น้ำหนัก และสี โดยคำนึงถึงการจัดวางของมันว่ามีผลต่อความรู้สึกของเราอย่างไร เปรียบง่ายๆเสมือนกับเสียงของโน้ทดนตรีในบทเพลง
ทำนองในดนตรีนั้นส่งผลต่อความรู้สึกของมนุษย์แบบไม่ต้องการคำอธิบาย. ดนตรีและจังหวะในภาษาของเส้นและสีสันในโลกของศิลปะก็ทำงานแบบเดียวกัน. มันคุยกับเราได้เหนือการใช้ภาษาพูด
บางทีการเขียนภาพเหมือนจริงมากๆก็เป็นอันตรายต่อการสูญเสียจังหวะไปเพราะถ้าหากศิลปินให้ความสำคัญกับการคัดลอกสิ่งที่เขียนมากไปก็อาจจะส่งผลทำให้เขาลืมเรื่องของจังหวะในลายเส้นและสีซึ่งถ่ายทอดออกมาจากภายในและเป็นหัวใจสำคัญของการสื่ออารมณ์เหนือคำพูด
การพยายามหาความสัมพันธ์ในธรรมชาติระหว่างรูปทรง, สี ,ลายเส้นและ น้ำหนักเพื่อนำมาสร้าง ‘จังหวะ’ ในรูปภาพนั้นเป็นงานของศิลปิน. คุณไม่ควรที่จะลดละความพยายามนี้แม้ว่าคุณกำลังหมกมุ่นกับดีเทลวิจิตรและเหมือนจริงขนาดไหน
ภาพที่ไร้จังหวะก็ไม่ต่างอะไรกับดนตรีไร้ทำนองที่น่าเบื่อ
Line and mass
ถ้าเราถอดชิ้นส่วนของรายละเอียดในรูปภาพทุกรูปและมองทุกอย่างแบบ abstract เลย เราก็จะเห็นได้ว่ามันมีส่วนประกอบหลักๆคือ เส้น(line) และ กลุ่มก้อน (mass) บางคนก็พูดว่าเส้นนั้นเป็นแค่ขอบของกลุ่มก้อน หรือกลุ่มก้อนนั้นเป็นเพียงพื้นที่ระหว่างเส้น. จะคิดหรือมองแบบไหนก็ตาม 2 สิ่งนี้คือส่วนประกอบหลักๆของทุกๆรูปภาพ
ภาษาของเส้น
Unity and Variety
ภาษาของเส้นนั้นสามารถทำงานได้ด้วยตัวของมันเองโดยไม่ต้องอาศัยความเป็นรูปธรรมลองนึกถึงเส้นเรขาคณิต มันสื่ออารมณ์แบบ abstract ได้ด้วยตัวของมันเอง ตามธรรมชาติส่วนใหญ่แล้วภาษาของลายเส้นก็มักจะทำงานเป็นเรื่องเดียวกันกับสิ่งที่มันเป็น ยกตัวอย่าง ลองนึกถึงภาพของแม่น้ำเราก็จะนึกถึงเส้นแนวนอน คงประหลาดถ้าพยายามใช้สามเหลี่ยมอธิบายความเป็นน้ำ
ทีนี้เวลาพูดถึงคุณภาพของลายเส้น อยากให้คิดเป็น 2 แบบหลักๆคือ
1. Unity - ความสามัคคีกันเป็นหนึ่งเดียวกัน
2. Variety - ความหลากหลาย
*สองอย่างนี้ดูจะขัดแย้งกันแต่มันขาดกันไม่ได้ *
ความสามัคคีเป็นหนึ่งเดียวกันคือทักษะการบริหารเอาหลายๆสิ่งเข้ามาอยู่รวมกันได้อย่างมีเอกภาพ แต่ก็จะไร้ชีวิตชีวาหากขาดความหลากหลาย
ยกตัวอย่างของภาษาของความสามัคคีก็คือ เส้นที่มีความซ้ำๆ เส้นที่เว้นเท่ากันหมด เส้นตรง วงกลม เส้นขนาน เป็นต้น
เส้นที่มี unity มากที่สุดจะเป็นอะไรอย่างอื่นไปไม่ได้นอกจากวงกลมและเส้นตรง
ยกตัวอย่างความหลากหลายของเส้นนั้นอาจจะง่ายกว่า มันก็คือความไม่เท่ากันในรูปทรงต่างๆไม่ว่าจะเป็นอะไรก็ตาม แต่ถ้าพูดถึงรูปทรงที่มีความหลากหลายที่สวยงามก็คงหนีไม่พ้นรูปไข่ ตัวอย่างที่ดีคือรูปทรงของใบหน้ารูปไข่งามๆ เพราะการเลี้ยวตัวของเส้นรอบไข่นั้นไม่มีความเหมือนกันเลยแม้แต่จุดเดียว ต่างจากวงกลมซึ่งเลี้ยวในจังหวะเท่ากันเป๊ะรอบวง
ในหนังสือมีการยกตัวอย่างยาวเหยียดมากๆในเรื่อง unity และ variety แต่ขอยกแค่บทเดียวมาพูด
แล้วจังหวะแบบไหนหละถึงงาม
พูดตรงๆว่าเรื่องนี้ไม่มีกฎตายตัว สิ่งที่หนังสือเอามายกตัวอย่างนั้นก็เป็นเพียงแค่ตัวอย่างที่นึกตามได้ง่ายและมีให้เห็นในธรรมชาติ
หน้าคน
ผู้อ่านลองนึกถึงใบหน้าคนที่ดูดี มันจะมีการจัดวางที่มี 2 หลักการนี้ผสมเข้าด้วยกันทั้ง unity และ variety
ใบหน้าของคนเรานั้นจะมีความเท่ากันเป็นสมมาตรของซ้ายและขวา ผนวกกับระยะห่างของการจัดวางนั้นก็ดูมีระเบียบเท่าๆกันแต่รูปด้านprofile ของใบหน้านั้นจะมีความหลากหลายอยู่มาก มีการยึกยือไปมาของเส้นที่เลี้ยวเข้าออกแบบไม่มีอะไรเท่ากันเลยก็ว่าได้
นี่คือตัวอย่างของการทำงานร่วมกันอย่างลงตัวของ unity ความสามัคคีและ variety ความหลากหลาย
นึกเล่นๆดูว่าหากหน้าเรามีความหลากหลายมากเกินไปก็คงจะไม่น่ามองสักเท่าไหร่ อาจจะน่ากลัวด้วยซ้ำ
สรุปคือ
ความหลากหลายแบบไร้ขอบเขตนั้นก็ทำให้เกิดความยุ่งเหยิงและไม่น่ามอง แต่ความนิ่งเกินไปแบบเส้นตรงนิ่งๆก็ช่างน่าเบื่อไร้ชีวิตชีวา
ฉะนั้นจะสังเกตได้ว่าความงามมักจะเกิดเมื่อความหลากหลายนั้นอยู่ภายใต้กฏเกณฑ์ของความสามัคคี
ขออนุญาตแบ่งเป็นหลายๆตอนนะคะเพราะมันยาวเหลือเกิน เดี๋ยวอ่านแล้วจะหลับเสียก่อน
The story of the rhythm...
This article is informative from a very good book. I have read it many times. It's very good. The Practice and Science of Drawing by Harold Speed.
I recommend that you go to read this. People who like art will enjoy it very much. There is no need to draw a picture. It's fun because there is deep information. I think about many art. It's difficult to find other books.
Sorry, if I have read this, I may not translate it in Thai. Please comment and suggest. 🙏
The word beat in the context of art speaks about the power of doodle, weight and color. Considering how it affects our feelings. It's simply like the sound of a musical notebook.
The melodies in music affect the human feeling without explanation. Music and rhythm in the language of lines and colors in the world of art work the same way. It talks to us beyond the use of speaking language.
Sometimes writing a very surreal image is harmful to losing a beat. If the artist focuses on copying the writings, it will make him forget about the beat in the lines and colors that are broadcasted from the inside and the heart of the media. Emotions beyond words.
Trying to find a natural relationship between shapes, colors, patterns and weight to create ' rhythm ' in the photo is the artist's work. You shouldn't lose this effort, even if you're obsessed with Fine and Real Detail.
A can't translate picture is no different than a boring music.
Line and mass
If we take off the detail in every photo and look at everything abstract, we can see that there is a main ingredient in line (line) and group (mass). Some people say that the line is just the edge of that group or group. Just a space between the lines. Whatever you think or look, 2 of these are the main components of every photo.
Language of lines
Unity and Variety
The language of the line can work on its own without concrete. Think of the geometry, abstract emotion by itself naturally. Most of the language of the stripes are the same thing. It's for example, thinking of the river's image. We think of horizontal lines. It's strange if we try to use a triangle to describe water.
Now, when I talk about the quality of the pattern, I want you to think about 2 types. Mainly,
1. Unity - Unity is united.
2. Variety - Diversity
* These two seem to be conflicting but they can't be separated *
Unity is unity. Management skills bring many things together unity. But lifeless without diversity.
For example, the language of unity is repeated, the same line, straight line, straight line, parallel circle, etc.
The line with the most unity will be nothing else, nothing but circles and straight lines.
For example, the diversity of the line may be easier than it is, the unequalities in various shapes, whatever it is. But if you talk about beautiful diversity shapes, you can't escape the oval shape. The good example is the shapes of the face, beautiful oval because of turning. The egg circumference is not the same at all. The same point is different from the circle, which turns in the same rhythm.
In the book, there is a very long example in the unity and variety. But I just lifted up one chapter to say.
What kind of beat is this? It's beautiful.
Frankly speaking, there is no rule. What a book has taken for example is just an example that it is easily recognized and naturally.
A human face.
Readers, think about the face of a good looking person. There will be alignment with these 2 principles mixed together with unity and variety.
Our faces are equally as symmetrical of left and right. Annexation with the distance of the alignment is equally organized. But the profile picture of the face is very diverse. There is a lot of the trending. The lines that turn into design are nothing equal.
This is an example of how unity, unity, unity, and diversity variety.
Just for sure, if our face had too much diversity, it wouldn't look at it. It would be scary.
In summary,
Unbounded diversity is messy and unlikely. But too stillness is boring, lifeless.
Therefore, it is observed that beauty is often born when diversity is under the rule of unity.
I ask permission to divide into several episodes because it's so long. I will read it and I will fall asleep.Translated
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,210的網紅DJ Macky Suson,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Talk to someone Philippines Philippine Suicide Prevention Hotline (Hopeline) (02) 804-4673 0917-558-4673 2919 (toll-free for Globe and TM subscriber...
united we fall, book 在 DJ Macky Suson Facebook 的最佳解答
Talk to someone
Philippines
Philippine Suicide Prevention Hotline (Hopeline)
(02) 804-4673
0917-558-4673
2919 (toll-free for Globe and TM subscribers)
In Touch Community Services (Crisis Line)
(02) 893-7603
0917-800-1123
0922-893-8944
Singapore
Samaritans of Singapore
DIAL: 1800 221 4444
http://www.sos.org.sg
United States
Crisis Text Line
If you are in crisis, reach out for help. Text REASON to 741741.
http://www.crisistextline.org
Free, 24/7, confidential.
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
DIAL: 1-800-273-8255
http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org
United Kingdom
Samaritans
DIAL: 116123 (free)
http://www.samaritans.org
Childline
DIAL: 0800 1111 (free)
http://www.childline.org.uk
Rape Crisis England & Wales
Call 0808 802 9999 (12 noon - 2.30pm and 7 - 9.30pm every day of the year) or visit http://www.rapecrisis.org.uk for local specialist services.
Australia
For immediate help
Contact 000 if it is an emergency
Lifeline
DIAL: 13 11 14
http://lifeline.org.au
Suicide Call Back Service
DIAL: 1300 659 467
http://suicidecallbackservice.org.au
headspace
DIAL: 1800 650 890
http://headspace.org.au
Kids Helpline
DIAL: 1800 55 1800
http://kidshelpline.com.au/kids
ReachOut
http://au.reachout.com
“The only journey is the journey within.” – Rainer Maria Rilke
“Just because you don’t understand it doesn’t mean it isn’t so.” – Lemony Snicket, The Blank Book
“Mental health…is not a destination, but a process. It’s about how you drive, not where you’re going.” – Noam Shpancer, PhD
“Anything that’s human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable. When we can talk about our feelings, they become less overwhelming, less upsetting, and less scary.” – Fred Rogers
“If we start being honest about our pain, our anger, and our shortcomings instead of pretending they don’t exist, then maybe we’ll leave the world a better place than we found it.” – Russell Wilson
“Some of the most comforting words in the universe are ‘me too.’ That moment when you find out that your struggle is also someone else’s struggle, that you’re not alone, and that others have been down the same road.” – Unknown
“I fight for my health every day in ways most people don’t understand. I’m not lazy. I’m a warrior.”
“Don’t give in to stigma. A diagnosis does not determine who you are or what you can do!”
“Don’t let your struggle become your identity.”
“The strongest people are those who win battles we know nothing about.” –
“The problem with having problems is that ‘someone’ always has it worse.” Tiffany Madison, Black and White
“What mental health needs is more sunlight, more candor, and more unashamed conversation.”
Glenn Close
“Anything that’s human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable. When we can talk about our feelings, they become less overwhelming, less upsetting, and less scary.”
Fred Rogers
“Just because you don’t understand it doesn’t mean it isn’t so.”
Lemony Snicket
“Sometimes the people around you won’t understand your journey. They don’t need to, it’s not for them.”
Joubert Botha
“One small crack does not mean that you are broken, it means that you were put to the test and you didn’t fall apart.”
Linda Poindexter
I cannot stand the words “Get over it”. All of us are under such pressure to put our problems in the past tense. Slow down. Don’t allow other to hurry your healing. It is a process, one that may take years, occasionally, even a lifetime – and that’s OK.”
Beau Taplin
“She is beautiful piece of broken pottery, put back together by her own hands. And a critical world judges her cracks while missing the beauty of how she made herself whole again.”
J.M. Storm
Some days I am more wolf than woman, and I am still learning how to stop apologizing for my wild.”
Nikita Gill
“You don’t have to be positive all the time. It’s perfectly okay to feel sad, angry, annoyed, frustrated, scared and anxious. Having feelings doesn’t make you a negative person. It makes you human.”
Lori Deschene
“Out of all the things I have lost, I miss my mind the most.”
Mark Twain
“Nobody can save you but yourself, and you’re worth saving. It’s a war not easily won, but if anything is worth winning then this is it.”
Charles Bukowski
“Sometimes self care is exercise and eating right. Sometimes it’s spending time with loved ones or taking a nap. And sometimes it’s watching an entire season of TV in one weekend while you lounge around in your pajamas. Whatever soothes your soul.”
Nanea Hoffman
“The most beautiful people we have known are those who have known defeat, known suffering, known struggle, known loss, and have found their way out of the depths. These persons have an appreciation, a sensitivity, and an understanding of life that fills them with compassion, gentleness, and a deep loving concern. Beautiful people do not just happen.”
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
#TalktoSomeone #MentalHealthAwareness #SuicidePreventionHotlines
united we fall, book 在 堅離地城:沈旭暉國際生活台 Simon's Glos World Facebook 的最讚貼文
🇩🇰 這是一篇深度報導,來自歐洲現存最古老的報紙:丹麥Weekendavisen,題目是從香港抗爭運動、香港聯繫加泰羅尼亞的集會,前瞻全球大城市的「永久革命」。一篇報導訪問了世界各地大量學者,我也在其中,雖然只是每人一句,加在一起,卻有了很完整的圖像。
以下為英譯:
Protest! The demonstrations in Hong Kong were just the beginning. Now there are unrest in big cities from Baghdad to Barcelona. Perhaps the stage is set for something that could look like a permanent revolution in the world's big cities.
A world on the barricades
At the end of October, an hour after dark, a group of young protesters gathered at the Chater Garden Park in Hong Kong. Some of them wore large red and yellow flags. The talk began and the applause filled the warm evening air. There were slogans of independence, and demands of self-determination - from Spain. For the protest was in sympathy with the Catalan independence movement.
At the same time, a group of Catalan protesters staged a protest in front of the Chinese Consulate in Barcelona in favor of Hong Kong's hope for more democracy. The message was not to be mistaken: We are in the same boat. Or, as Joshua Wong, one of the leading members of the Hong Kong protest movement, told the Catalan news agency: "The people of Hong Kong and Catalonia both deserve the right to decide their own destiny."
For much of 2019, Hong Kong's streets have been ravaged by fierce protests and a growing desperation on both sides, with escalating violence and vandalism ensuing. But what, do observers ask, if Hong Kong is not just a Chinese crisis, but a warning of anger that is about to break out globally?
Each week brings new turmoil from an unexpected edge. In recent days, attention has focused on Chile. Here, more than 20 people have lost their lives in unrest, which has mainly been about unequal distribution of economic goods. Before then, the unrest has hit places as diverse as Lebanon and the Czech Republic, Bolivia and Algeria, Russia and Sudan.
With such a geographical spread, it is difficult to bring the protests to any sort of common denominator, but they all reflect a form of powerlessness so acute that traditional ways of speaking do not seem adequate.
Hardy Merriman, head of research at the International Center for Nonviolent Conflict in Washington, is not in doubt that it is a real wave of protest and that we have not seen the ending yet.
"I have been researching non-violent resistance for 17 years, and to me it is obvious that there are far more popular protest movements now than before. Often the protests have roots in the way political systems work. Elsewhere, it is about welfare and economic inequality or both. The two sets of factors are often related, ”he says.
Economic powerlessness
Hong Kong is a good example of this. The desire among the majority of Hong Kong's seven million residents to maintain an independent political identity vis-à-vis the People's Republic of China is well known, but the resentment of the streets is also fueled by a sense of economic powerlessness. Hong Kong is one of the most unequal communities in the world, and especially the uneven access to the real estate market is causing a stir.
According to Lee Chun-wing, a sociologist at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the turmoil in the city is not just facing Beijing, but also expressing a daunting showdown with the neoliberal economy, which should diminish the state's role and give the market more influence, but in its real form often ends with the brutal arbitrariness of jungle law.
'The many protests show that neoliberalism is unable to instill hope in many. And as one of the world's most neoliberal cities, Hong Kong is no exception. While the protests here are, of course, primarily political, there is no doubt that social polarization and economic inequality make many young people not afraid to participate in more radical protests and do not care whether they are accused of damage economic growth, 'he says.
The turmoil is now so extensive that it can no longer be dismissed as a coincidence. Something special and significant is happening. As UN Secretary General António Guterres put it last week, it would be wrong to stare blindly at the superficial differences between the factors that get people on the streets.
“There are also common features that are recurring across the continents and should force us to reflect and respond. It is clear that there is growing distrust between the people and the political elites and growing threats to the social contract. The world is struggling with the negative consequences of globalization and the new technologies that have led to growing inequality in individual societies, "he told reporters in New York.
Triggered by trifles
In many cases, the riots have been triggered by questions that may appear almost trivial on the surface. In Chile, there was an increase in the price of the capital's subway equivalent to 30 Danish cents, while in Lebanon there were reports of a tax on certain services on the Internet. In both places, it was just the reason why the people have been able to express a far more fundamental dissatisfaction.
In a broad sense, there are two situations where a population is rebelling, says Paul Almeida, who teaches sociology at the University of California, Merced. The first is when more opportunities suddenly open up and conditions get better. People are getting hungry for more and trying to pressure their politicians to give even more concessions.
“But then there is also the mobilization that takes place when people get worse. That seems to be the overall theme of the current protests, even in Hong Kong. People are concerned about various kinds of threats they face. It may be the threat of inferior economic conditions, or it may be a more political threat of erosion of rights. But the question is why it is happening right now. That's the 10,000-kroner issue, ”says Almeida.
Almeida, who has just published the book Social Movements: The Structure of Social Mobilization, even gives a possible answer. A growing authoritarian, anti-democratic flow has spread across the continents and united rulers in all countries, and among others it is the one that has now triggered a reaction in the peoples.
“There is a tendency for more use of force by the state power. If we look at the death toll in Latin America, they are high considering that the countries are democracies. This kind of violence is not usually expected in democratic regimes in connection with protests. It is an interesting trend and may be related to the authoritarian flow that is underway worldwide. It's worth watching, 'he says.
The authoritarian wave
Politologists Anna Lürhmann and Staffan Lindberg from the University of Gothenburg describe in a paper published earlier this year a "third autocratic wave." Unlike previous waves, for example, in the years before World War II, when democracy was beaten under great external drama , the new wave is characterized by creeping. It happens little by little - in countries like Turkey, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Hungary and Russia - at such a slow pace that you barely notice it.
Even old-fashioned autocrats nowadays understand the language of democracy - the only acceptable lingua franca in politics - and so the popular reaction does not happen very often when it becomes clear at once that the electoral process itself is not sufficient to secure democratic conditions. Against this backdrop, Kenneth Chan, a politician at Hong Kong Baptist University, sees the recent worldwide wave of unrest as an expression of the legitimacy crisis of the democratic regimes.
“People have become more likely to take the initiative and take part in direct actions because they feel that they have not made the changes they had hoped for through the elections. In fact, the leaders elected by the peoples are perceived as undermining the institutional guarantees of citizens' security, freedom, welfare and rights. As a result, over the past decade, we have seen more democracies reduced to semi-democracies, hybrid regimes and authoritarian regimes, ”he says.
"Therefore, we should also not be surprised by the new wave of resistance from the people. On the surface, the spark may be a relatively innocent or inconsiderate decision by the leadership, but people's anger quickly turns to what they see as the cause of the democratic deroute, that is, an arrogant and selfish leadership, a weakened democratic control, a dysfunctional civil society. who are no longer able to speak on behalf of the people. ”The world is changing. Anthony Ince, a cardiff at Cardiff University who has researched urban urban unrest, sees the uprisings as the culmination of long-term nagging discontent and an almost revolutionary situation where new can arise.
"The wider context is that the dominant world order - the global neoliberalism that has dominated since the 1980s - is under pressure from a number of sides, creating both uncertainty and at the same time the possibility of change. People may feel that we are in a period of uncertainty, confusion, anxiety, but perhaps also hope, ”he says.
Learning from each other.
Apart from mutual assurances of solidarity the protest movements in between, there does not appear to be any kind of coordination. But it may not be necessary either. In a time of social media, learning from each other's practices is easy, says Simon Shen, a University of Hong Kong political scientist.
“They learn from each other at the tactical level. Protesters in Hong Kong have seen what happened in Ukraine through YouTube, and now protesters in Catalonia and Lebanon are taking lessons from Hong Kong. It's reminiscent of 1968, when baby boomers around the globe were inspired by an alternative ideology to break down rigid hierarchies, 'he says.
But just as the protest movements can learn from each other, the same goes for their opponents. According to Harvard political scientist Erica Chenoweth, Russia has been particularly active in trying to establish cooperation with other authoritarian regimes, which feel threatened by riots in the style of the "color revolutions" on the periphery of the old Soviet empire at the turn of the century.
"It has resulted in joint efforts between Russian, Chinese, Iranian, Venezuelan, Belarusian, Syrian and other national authorities to develop, systematize and report on techniques and practices that have proved useful in trying to contain such threats," writes Chenoweth in an article in the journal Global Responsibility to Protect.
Max Fisher and Amanda Taub, commentators at the New York Times, point to the social media as a double-edged sword. Not only are Twitter and Facebook powerful weapons in the hands of tech-savvy autocrats. They are also of questionable value to the protesting grass roots. With WhatsApp and other new technologies, it is possible to mobilize large numbers of interested and almost-interested participants in collective action. But they quickly fall apart again.
The volatile affiliation is one of the reasons why, according to a recent survey, politically motivated protests today only succeed in reaching their targets in 30 percent of cases. A generation ago, the success rate was 70 percent. Therefore, unrest often recurs every few years, and they last longer, as Hong Kong is an example of. Perhaps the scene is set for something that might resemble a permanent revolution in the world's big cities - a kind of background noise that other residents will eventually just get used to.
"Since there is still no obvious alternative to neoliberalism, the polarization that led to the protests initially will probably continue to apply," says Lee of Hong Kong Polytechnic University. "At the same time, this means that the anger and frustration will continue to rumble in society."
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