關於 good morning all in spanish ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【國立臺灣大學109學年度畢業典禮 致詞代表 政治學系林語萱】
Student Address, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021
Yu-Hsuan Lin from the Department of Political Science

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校長、師長、家長，和在螢幕前難以置信這就是我們的畢典，卻也真實面對的所有臺大畢業生，大家好，我是政治學系四年級的林語萱。

比起說著我們會鵬程萬里、前程似錦，今天，我更想邀請各位一同擔任NTU Sweety Course的貢獻者，整理出綜合過去四年，且能帶著走出校園的三個成長學分：勇氣、彈性和自己。

大二上，我休了學，在零下三十幾度的低溫、強颱般的逆風和看不見天際線的白色大地中，越野滑雪了半個多月，只為了跟著亞洲第一支南極長征隊伍，在世界的盡頭，找到那個能夠超越極限的自己。參與這個計畫，或許是大多人眼中的不正常，然而它卻成為了我人生中最有收穫的選擇之一。相信在臺大這個充滿可能性的校園裡，許多人心中，也有這麼一個想征服的南極，它可能不怎麼正常，也不怎麼容易，但別忘了帶著勇氣這個學分去做、去闖你認爲是對的事物。

再來，還有個學分，叫做彈性。還記得那些腳踏車被水源阿伯給拖吊，只好改成走路或騎Ubike2.0的日常嗎？我們在一次又一次的校內小組合作、校外的家教實習中，反覆上著適應不同情況的實驗課，而疫情又加重了它的loading，原本以為上一屆已經夠慘，沒想到這一屆竟然還更糟的情況下，我們滾動式的調整上課的樣貌，努力用NTU Cool的1.5倍速上課。在唯一不變就是變的這個世間常態中，臺大教會了我們保持彈性的生存之道。

最後，最最重要的學分，是我們自己，沒錯，就是在螢幕前的每一個你你你。從大一忙碌於轉系和雙主修的菜鳥，變成焦慮著左右張望他人下一步的大四老人，我們總汲汲營營的害怕落後別人，擔心無法成為自己心中想成為的樣子，但當回過頭，騎過幾千次椰林大道後的我們，其實早已不是從前那個自己了。所以未來，當外界的環境，督促和逼迫著我們精益求精，好還要更好時，記得回到內心，聽聽它的聲音，由它來告訴我們：你不必成為誰，你只需要相信自己。

除了勇氣、彈性和自己這三個學分外，還有一張加簽單也別忘記，是一路陪伴我們的家人和師長，一個人的任性，需要很多人的愛才能夠成全，謝謝你們在成長路上的陪伴和鼓勵，我們才能夠放肆的任性。

最後的最後，我想起了一戰後的西班牙大流感，它帶走的生命比戰爭還多，但在時間洪流下也終究有結束的一天。誰知道一百多年後的今天，我們也被迫參與了歷史的進程。也許未來看似困難重重，但卡繆在瘟疫裡提醒了我們：「惟有甘願在困難的堅實土壤中去生根立足，才能夠獲得果實。」今天後的明日，我們將在不同的土壤中勇敢挑戰、彈性應對和相信自己，且帶著滿滿的愛去生根立足，為自己、為我們所身處的社會，產出最甜美的果實。準備好了嗎？讓我們一起推動歷史的進程吧！臺大109屆的畢業生們，畢業快樂，或許現在的我們無法面對面相聚，but I’ll see you down the road！謝謝大家。

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President Kuan, respected faculty, honored guests and family, and to my fellow NTU graduates who would never have imagined our commencement hosted in this way but still making the best of it, good morning. I am YU-HSUAN LIN, from Department of Political Science.

Rather than wishing the best and the brightest futures to us all, today, I want to urge each and every one of you to join in and contribute to NTU Sweety Course, and put together three amongst the most important credits from these past four years. They are courage, elasticity, and ourselves.

I took a temporary leave in my sophomore year. At minus 30 degrees Celsius, with howling headwinds and blizzards all over the sky, I did cross-country skiing for more than half a month, to challenge myself beyond the limit at the very end of the world. My Antarctic venture may seem absurd to many, but it was one of the most rewarding things I’ve ever done in my life. At NTU, a campus of endless possibilities, we all have a South Pole in our hearts, an undoubtedly challenging and perhaps laughable goal we yearn to achieve. But do not forget the credit of courage we have gained from these past years, and choose whatever it is that you believe is right.

The next credit, is adaptability. Do you remember the days when our bikes being towed and having to walk or take Ubike 2.0 to class? We learned to adapt through group projects in the classes and private tutoring off-campus, and the ongoing pandemic has added extra loading to our everyday challenges. We thought the previous year was bad, but this year is even worse. We adjust the way we took courses on a rolling basis, trying to catch up from NTU COOL at 1.5x speed. The only thing that doesn't change is change itself. NTU taught us how to adapt to survive.

Last but not least, and arguably the most important credit, is ourselves. That’s right, It’s each and every one of you behind the screens. From a first-year newbie busy planning your double major or transfer, to a senior wandering around anxiously as our peers taking next steps, we work hard painstakingly in fear of falling behind of other, and wonder if we can become the person we want to be. But looking back, after countless rides along the Royal Palm Boulevard, our old selves have already long gone. So, in the future, when the outside world is constantly pushing us to make the best even better and to reach beyond limits, remember to listen to that little voice inside of you. Listen to it as it tells you, there isn’t a certain or definite role you must fulfill, all you need is to have faith in yourself.

Besides the three credits I just mentioned, don’t forget the Petition for Adding Course: our families and professors who accompanied us along our journeys. It requires loves from many to accomplish caprice of one. Thank you for your company and encouragement along the way to allow us to be self-willed boldly.

Lastly, the Spanish flu outbreak after WWI came to my mind recently. It took even more lives than the battle fields. However, it too, eventually ended as time went by. Who knew that after a hundred years, we would also be a part of a similar history? It seems that adversities are awaiting us, but Albert Camus had already reminded us in La Peste “Like wandering shadows that could have acquired substance only by consenting to root themselves in the solid earth of their distress.” When tomorrow comes, in different corners on the Earth, we shall challenge, respond adaptively, and believe in ourselves. With each step that we take, we take with all the love there is within us. Let us contribute to ourselves and to our society, and may our efforts bear the sweetest fruits. Are you ready? Let’s push history forward! Hats off to all NTU graduates of 2021! Although we are unable to celebrate face to face now, I’ll see you down the road! Thank you all!

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詳見：
https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718181071805650

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#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #學生致詞代表 #臺大政治學系 #林語萱

Jenna Cody :

Is Taiwan a real China?
No, and with the exception of a few intervening decades - here’s the part that’ll surprise you - it never has been.

This’ll blow your mind too: that it never has been doesn’t matter.

So let’s start with what doesn’t actually matter.

Until the 1600s, Taiwan was indigenous. Indigenous Taiwanese are not Chinese, they’re Austronesian. Then it was a Dutch colony (note: I do not say “it was Dutch”, I say it was a Dutch colony). Then it was taken over by Ming loyalists at the end of the Ming dynasty (the Ming loyalists were breakaways, not a part of the new Qing court. Any overlap in Ming rule and Ming loyalist conquest of Taiwan was so brief as to be inconsequential).

Only then, in the late 1600s, was it taken over by the Chinese (Qing). But here’s the thing, it was more like a colony of the Qing, treated as - to use Emma Teng’s wording in Taiwan’s Imagined Geography - a barrier or barricade keeping the ‘real’ Qing China safe. In fact, the Qing didn’t even want Taiwan at first, the emperor called it “a ball of mud beyond the pale of civilization”. Prior to that, and to a great extent at that time, there was no concept on the part of China that Taiwan was Chinese, even though Chinese immigrants began moving to Taiwan under Dutch colonial rule (mostly encouraged by the Dutch, to work as laborers). When the Spanish landed in the north of Taiwan, it was the Dutch, not the Chinese, who kicked them out.

Under Qing colonial rule - and yes, I am choosing my words carefully - China only controlled the Western half of Taiwan. They didn’t even have maps for the eastern half. That’s how uninterested in it they were. I can’t say that the Qing controlled “Taiwan”, they only had power over part of it.

Note that the Qing were Manchu, which at the time of their conquest had not been a part of China: China itself essentially became a Manchu imperial holding, and Taiwan did as well, once they were convinced it was not a “ball of mud” but actually worth taking. Taiwan was not treated the same way as the rest of “Qing China”, and was not administered as a province until (I believe) 1887. So that’s around 200 years of Taiwan being a colony of the Qing.

What happened in the late 19th century to change China’s mind? Japan. A Japanese ship was shipwrecked in eastern Taiwan in the 1870s, and the crew was killed by hostile indigenous people in what is known as the Mudan Incident. A Japanese emissary mission went to China to inquire about what could be done, only to be told that China had no control there and if they went to eastern Taiwan, they did so at their own peril. China had not intended to imply that Taiwan wasn’t theirs, but they did. Japan - and other foreign powers, as France also attempted an invasion - were showing an interest in Taiwan, so China decided to cement its claim, started mapping the entire island, and made it a province.

So, I suppose for a decade or so Taiwan was a part of China. A China that no longer exists.

It remained a province until 1895, when it was ceded to Japan after the (first) Sino-Japanese War. Before that could happen, Taiwan declared itself a Republic, although it was essentially a Qing puppet state (though the history here is interesting - correspondence at the time indicates that the leaders of this ‘Republic of Taiwan’ considered themselves Chinese, and the tiger flag hints at this as well. However, the constitution was a very republican document, not something you’d expect to see in Qing-era China.) That lasted for less than a year, when the Japanese took it by force.

This is important for two reasons - the first is that some interpretations of IR theory state that when a colonial holding is released, it should revert to the state it was in before it was taken as a colony. In this case, that would actually be The Republic of Taiwan, not Qing-era China. Secondly, it puts to rest all notions that there was no Taiwan autonomy movement prior to 1947.

In any case, it would be impossible to revert to its previous state, as the government that controlled it - the Qing empire - no longer exists. The current government of China - the PRC - has never controlled it.

After the Japanese colonial era, there is a whole web of treaties and agreements that do not satisfactorily settle the status of Taiwan. None of them actually do so - those which explicitly state that Taiwan is to be given to the Republic of China (such as the Cairo declaration) are non-binding. Those that are binding do not settle the status of Taiwan (neither the treaty of San Francisco nor the Treaty of Taipei definitively say that Taiwan is a part of China, or even which China it is - the Treaty of Taipei sets out what nationality the Taiwanese are to be considered, but that doesn’t determine territorial claims). Treaty-wise, the status of Taiwan is “undetermined”.

Under more modern interpretations, what a state needs to be a state is…lessee…a contiguous territory, a government, a military, a currency…maybe I’m forgetting something, but Taiwan has all of it. For all intents and purposes it is independent already.

In fact, in the time when all of these agreements were made, the Allied powers weren’t as sure as you might have learned about what to do with Taiwan. They weren’t a big fan of Chiang Kai-shek, didn’t want it to go Communist, and discussed an Allied trusteeship (which would have led to independence) or backing local autonomy movements (which did exist). That it became what it did - “the ROC” but not China - was an accident (as Hsiao-ting Lin lays out in Accidental State).

In fact, the KMT knew this, and at the time the foreign minister (George Yeh) stated something to the effect that they were aware they were ‘squatters’ in Taiwan.

Since then, it’s true that the ROC claims to be the rightful government of Taiwan, however, that hardly matters when considering the future of Taiwan simply because they have no choice. To divest themselves of all such claims (and, presumably, change their name) would be considered by the PRC to be a declaration of formal independence. So that they have not done so is not a sign that they wish to retain the claim, merely that they wish to avoid a war.

It’s also true that most Taiwanese are ethnically “Han” (alongside indigenous and Hakka, although Hakka are, according to many, technically Han…but I don’t think that’s relevant here). But biology is not destiny: what ethnicity someone is shouldn’t determine what government they must be ruled by.

Through all of this, the Taiwanese have evolved their own culture, identity and sense of history. They are diverse in a way unique to Taiwan, having been a part of Austronesian and later Hoklo trade routes through Southeast Asia for millenia. Now, one in five (I’ve heard one in four, actually) Taiwanese children has a foreign parent. The Taiwanese language (which is not Mandarin - that’s a KMT transplant language forced on Taiwanese) is gaining popularity as people discover their history. Visiting Taiwan and China, it is clear where the cultural differences are, not least in terms of civic engagement. This morning, a group of legislators were removed after a weekend-long pro-labor hunger strike in front of the presidential palace. They were not arrested and will not be. Right now, a group of pro-labor protesters is lying down on the tracks at Taipei Main Station to protest the new labor law amendments.

This would never be allowed in China, but Taiwanese take it as a fiercely-guarded basic right.

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Now, as I said, none of this matters.

What matters is self-determination. If you believe in democracy, you believe that every state (and Taiwan does fit the definition of a state) that wants to be democratic - that already is democratic and wishes to remain that way - has the right to self-determination. In fact, every nation does. You cannot be pro-democracy and also believe that it is acceptable to deprive people of this right, especially if they already have it.

Taiwan is already a democracy. That means it has the right to determine its own future. Period.

Even under the ROC, Taiwan was not allowed to determine its future. The KMT just arrived from China and claimed it. The Taiwanese were never asked if they consented. What do we call it when a foreign government arrives in land they had not previously governed and declares itself the legitimate governing power of that land without the consent of the local people? We call that colonialism.

Under this definition, the ROC can also be said to be a colonial power in Taiwan. They forced Mandarin - previously not a language native to Taiwan - onto the people, taught Chinese history, geography and culture, and insisted that the Taiwanese learn they were Chinese - not Taiwanese (and certainly not Japanese). This was forced on them. It was not chosen. Some, for awhile, swallowed it. Many didn’t. The independence movement only grew, and truly blossomed after democratization - something the Taiwanese fought for and won, not something handed to them by the KMT.

So what matters is what the Taiwanese want, not what the ROC is forced to claim. I cannot stress this enough - if you do not believe Taiwan has the right to this, you do not believe in democracy.

And poll after poll shows it: Taiwanese identify more as Taiwanese than Chinese (those who identify as both primarily identify as Taiwanese, just as I identify as American and Armenian, but primarily as American. Armenian is merely my ethnicity). They overwhelmingly support not unifying with China. The vast majority who support the status quo support one that leads to eventual de jure independence, not unification. The status quo is not - and cannot be - an endgame (if only because China has declared so, but also because it is untenable). Less than 10% want unification. Only a small number (a very small minority) would countenance unification in the future…even if China were to democratize.

The issue isn’t the incompatibility of the systems - it’s that the Taiwanese fundamentally do not see themselves as Chinese.

A change in China’s system won’t change that. It’s not an ethnic nationalism - there is no ethnic argument for Taiwan (or any nation - didn’t we learn in the 20th century what ethnicity-based nation-building leads to? Nothing good). It’s not a jingoistic or xenophobic nationalism - Taiwanese know that to be dangerous. It’s a nationalism based on shared identity, culture, history and civics. The healthiest kind of nationalism there is. Taiwan exists because the Taiwanese identify with it. Period.

There are debates about how long the status quo should go on, and what we should risk to insist on formal recognition. However, the question of whether or not to be Taiwan, not China…

…well, that’s already settled.

The Taiwanese have spoken and they are not Chinese.

Whatever y’all think about that doesn’t matter. That’s what they want, and if you believe in self-determination you will respect it.

If you don’t, good luck with your authoritarian nonsense, but Taiwan wants nothing to do with it.

How to learn multiple languages at once? Here are some of my thoughts 💭

There are many methods you can use and the possibilities are endless! It's good to stick to a base rule that if you're a beginner in languages, first learn 1 language to intermediate and then tackle others 📚

🤓 I try to learn one language to an upper-intermediate level so that it's good enough to be a language of instruction for the other language. For example, once I learnt Korean to a good enough level, I was able to study Japanese using textbooks written in Korean.

⏰ You can also use the 80/20 approach if you're learning 2 languages at once. Spend 80% of your time on one (main) language, and then 20% of your time on the other language. This works best when they are two different languages or if you are intermediate+ in both.

📖 You can also choose separate days for separate languages. I found this method tricky for me because I don't always feel like studying the language I scheduled. If it works for you, that's great! I prefer to study multiple languages in little bits in one day (e.g. doing Spanish grammar in the morning, Korean vocab in the afternoon, and watching a French series at night, for instance)

📱 Finally, you can use different methods, notebooks, apps or systems for your languages. I know people who have separate YouTube accounts so they browse YouTube only in one language (and all their recommended videos will be in that language too). You can choose to have one app only for one language so you make that connection in your mind (E.g. Busuu is only for Spanish, Lingodeer for Japanese, and Duolingo for French). Whatever works for you!

What are your tips?