【金融時報】澳大利亞對國際學生吸引力下降
外國學生在疫情期間受到的苛待、旅行禁令、隔離要求,以及澳中外交緊張局勢,可能威脅澳大利亞國際教育的吸引力。
拉什納•巴哈查里亞(Rashna Bajracharya)是數十萬在澳大利亞留學的國際學生中的一員,他們在今年3月新型冠狀病毒肺炎(COVID-19,即2019冠狀病毒病)疫情爆發時失去了賴以支付食物和房租帳單的兼職工作。
這位29歲的學生說,「我向尼泊爾的家人尋求幫助,但由於新冠疫情,那裡的銀行系統關閉了,所以他們無法給我寄錢,最終我不得不依賴慈善機構來生活」。他現在是悉尼聯合教會(Uniting Church)經營的一家食品銀行的志願者。
與英國、紐西蘭和加拿大政府形成鮮明對比的是,澳大利亞政府沒有將其新冠疫情工資補貼計劃擴大到包含外國學生——這一決定給50萬學生簽證持有者中的一些人帶來了危機。澳大利亞學生簽證持有者每年向澳大利亞的大學繳納90億澳元(合67億美元)的學費。
澳大利亞總理斯科特•莫里森(Scott Morrison)表示,澳大利亞需要關注本國公民,如果臨時移民無法養活自己,他們應該回家。但許多人留了下來,因為國際邊境關閉,他們負擔不起高昂的航班費用。
在遏制住新冠肺炎疫情之後,堪培拉現在希望吸引外國學生回來,支持一個每年為經濟貢獻370億澳元的行業。
上周,澳大利亞批準了一個試點項目,允許來自中國、印度尼西亞和其他地方的63名學生乘坐飛機前往達爾文學習。明年還將有更多的航班計劃,這將繞過禁止大多數外國居民進入澳大利亞的嚴格規定。
但批評人士警告稱,外國學生受到的苛刻待遇、旅行禁令、抵達後為期兩周的酒店隔離要求,以及與中國的外交緊張局勢,意味著澳大利亞可能難以保持其作為世界第三大國際教育市場的地位。
維多利亞大學(Victoria University)智庫米切爾研究所(Mitchell Institute)預測,如果繼續實施旅行限制,到明年7月,澳大利亞的外國學生人數將降至29萬,比新冠肺炎疫情前的水平減少一半。
「留學生待遇一直不太好,」麥格理大學(Macquarie University)的湯姆•史密斯(Tom Smith)說:「與我們在高等教育領域的競爭對手不同,我們沒有讓他們有資格獲得留職 (工資補貼)待遇。
「有一種風險是,國際學生會認為,『好吧,在最重要的時候,澳大利亞總體上不支持我們』。」
根據「移民工人正義倡議」(Migrant Worker Justice Initiative)對6100人的調查,包括留學生在內的臨時簽證持有者中,有約70%的人在疫情期間失業或者被削減工時,因為僱主優先考慮留住有資格獲得公共補貼的當地員工。
七分之一的留學生報告說,在新冠疫情期間,他們有一段時間無家可歸。三分之一的留學生說,他們無力為滿足自己的基本需求付錢,因為他們的家人不再能夠給他們寄錢。
從聯合教會食品銀行可以明顯看出這種困境,那裡成箱的必需品堆積到天花板,每箱足夠一名學生吃兩個星期左右。在疫情期間,向該中心尋求緊急食品救濟的客戶數量激增至8倍,達到每月約350人,其中大多數是留學生。
在該中心工作的大約有40名志願者,其中一名志願者安賈莉•比達里(Anjali Bidari)表示:「我看到我的朋友們,國際學生,基本上失去了工作,無家可歸,因為沒有食物吃而挨餓,也沒有地方住。」
這位來自尼泊爾的23歲學生警告說,國際學生會因為疫情期間的經歷和難以找到兼職工作而猶豫要不要在澳大利亞學習。
她補充說,大學在線教學的普及也可能讓學生質疑國際教育的價值。
但是澳大利亞的大學希望,它們和一些州政府在新冠疫情期間做出的支持留學生的努力能夠得到認可。
新南威爾士政府提供了2000萬澳元的住房支持,維多利亞州撥款4500萬澳元用於緊急援助。墨爾本的莫納什大學(Monash University)是數十所提供困難基金和食品銀行服務的大學之一。
莫納什大學副校長瑪格麗特•加德納(Margaret Gardner)說:「對他們(國際學生)來說,這是一段非常困難的時期,他們在經濟上和情感上都很孤立,並且擔心家人。」
中國學生約佔澳大利亞留學生的四分之一,對他們來說,澳中雙邊外交關係的破裂可能和新冠疫情一樣重要。
昆士蘭科技大學(Queensland University of Technology)的中國博士生袁江(音譯)說:「澳大利亞過去在中國被認為是一個美麗的海灘國家,而現在人們看到兩國關係緊張的新聞,就想知道如果他們來這裡生活會面臨什麼。」
「移民工人正義倡議」發現,自武漢爆發新冠疫情以來,超過三分之一的中國受訪者曾遭受辱罵。
澳大利亞教育部長丹•德漢(Dan Tehan)上周對澳大利亞廣播電台表示,中國學生對澳大利亞教育的需求依然強勁,堪培拉遏制住新冠疫情可能有助於吸引外國學生。
「我們已經能夠在某種程度上應對新型冠狀病毒大流行,我認為這被世界上大多數國家所羨慕……現在,很明顯,英國和加拿大沒能享受到我們取得的成功。」
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//A Cantopop star publicly supported Hong Kong protesters. So Beijing disappeared his music.
By AUGUST BROWN
The 2 million pro-democracy protesters who have flooded the streets of Hong Kong over the last few months have been tear-gassed, beaten by police and arrested arbitrarily. But many of the territory’s most famous cultural figures have yet to speak up for them. Several prominent musicians, actors and celebrities have even sided with the cops and the government in Beijing.
The protesters are demanding rights to fair elections and judicial reform in the semiautonomous territory. Yet action film star Jackie Chan, Hong Kong-born K-pop star Jackson Wang of the group GOT7 and Cantopop singers Alan Tam and Kenny Bee have supported the police crackdown, calling themselves “flag protectors.” Other Hong Kong cultural figures have stayed silent, fearing for their careers.
The few artists who have spoken out have seen their economic and performing prospects in mainland China annihilated overnight. Their songs have vanished from streaming services, their concert tours canceled. But a few musicians have recently traveled to America to support the protesters against long odds and reprisals from China.
“Pop musicians want to be quiet about controversy, and on this one they’re particularly quiet,” said Anthony Wong Yiu-ming, 57, the singer and cofounder of the pioneering Hong Kong pop group Tat Ming Pair.
Wong is a popular, progressive Cantopop artist — a Hong Kong Bryan Ferry or David Bowie, with lyrics sung in the territory’s distinct dialect. But he, along with such singer-actors as Denise Ho and Deanie Ip, have made democratic reforms the new cause of their careers, even at the expense of their musical futures in China. Wong’s on tour in the U.S. and will perform a solo show in L.A. on Tuesday.
“It’s rebelling against the establishment, and [most artists] just don’t want to,” Wong said. “Of course, I’m very disappointed, but I never expected different from some people. Freedom of speech and civil liberties in Hong Kong are not controversial. It’s basic human rights. But most artists and actors and singers, they don’t stand with Hong Kongers.”
Hong Kong protesters
Hundreds of people form a human chain at Victoria Peak in Hong Kong on Sept. 13.(Marcus Yam/Los Angeles Times)
The protests are an echo — and escalation — of the Occupy Central movement five years ago that turned into a broad pro-democracy effort known as the Umbrella Movement. Those protests, led by teenage activist Joshua Wong (no relation), rebelled against a new policy of Beijing pre-screening candidates for political office in Hong Kong to ensure party loyalty.
Protesters were unsuccessful in stopping those policies, but the movement galvanized a generation of activists.
These latest demonstrations were in response to a proposed policy of extraditing suspected criminals from Hong Kong to mainland China, which activists feared would undermine their territory’s legal independence and put its residents at risk. The protests now encompass a range of reforms — the withdrawal of the extradition bill, secured voting rights, police reform, amnesty for protesters and a public apology for how Beijing and police have portrayed the demonstrations.
Wong, already respected as an activist for LGBT causes in Hong Kong, is one of vanishingly few musicians to have put their futures on the line to push for those goals.
Wong’s group Tat Ming Pair was one of the most progressive Cantonese acts of the ’80s and ’90s (imagine a politically radical Chinese Depeche Mode). When Wong spoke out in favor of the Umbrella Movement at the time, he gained credibility as an activist but paid the price as an artist: His touring and recording career evaporated on the mainland.
The Chinese government often pressures popular services like Tencent (the country’s leading music-streaming service, with 800 million monthly users) to remove artists who criticize the government. Artists can find longstanding relationships with live promoters on ice and lucrative endorsement deals drying up.
“This government will do things to take revenge on you,” Wong said. “If you’re not obedient, you’ll be punished. Since the Umbrella Movement, I’ve been put on a blacklist in China. I anticipated that would happen, but what I did not expect was even local opportunities decreased as well. Most companies have some ties with mainland China, and they didn’t want to make their China partners unhappy, so they might as well stop working with us.”
Censorship is both overt and subtly preemptive, said Victoria Tin-bor Hui, a professor and Hong Kong native who teaches Chinese politics and history at the University of Notre Dame.
“Every time artists or stars say anything even remotely sympathetic to protesters or critical of the government, they get in trouble,” Hui said. “You can literally have your career ruined. Denise Ho, after she joined the Umbrella Movement, everything she had listed online or on shelves was taken off. Companies [including the cosmetics firm Lancôme] told her they would have nothing more to do with her, and she started doing everything on her own.”
So Wong and other artists like Ho have been pushing back where they can.
Wong’s recent single, “Is It a Crime,” questions Beijing crackdowns on all memorials of the Tiananmen Square massacre, especially in Hong Kong, where there was a robust culture of activism and memorials around that tragedy. The single, which feels akin to Pink Floyd’s expansive, ominous electronic rock, has been blacklisted on mainland streaming services and stores.
Wong plans to speak out to commemorate the anniversary of the Umbrella Movement on this tour as well.
“The government is very afraid of art and culture,” Wong said. “If people sing about liberty and freedom of speech, the government is afraid. When I sing about the anniversary of Tiananmen, is it a crime to remember what happened? To express views? I think the Chinese government wants to suppress this side of art and freedom.”
The fallout from his support of the protests has forced him to work with new, more underground promoters and venues. The change may have some silver linings, as bookers are placing his heavy synth-rock in more rebellious club settings than the Chinese casinos he’d often play stateside. (In L.A., he’s playing 1720, a downtown venue that more often hosts underground punk bands.)
“We lost the second biggest market in the world, but because of what we are fighting for, in a way, we gained some new fans. We met new promoters who are interested in promoting us in newer markets. It’s opened new options for people who don’t want to follow” the government’s hard-line approach, Wong said.
Hui agreed that while loyalty from pro-democracy protesters can’t make up for the lost income of the China market, artists should know that Hong Kongers will remember whose side they were on during this moment and turn out or push back accordingly.
“You make less money, but Hong Kong pro-democracy people say, ‘These are our own singers, we have to save them,’” Hui said. “They support their own artists and democracy as part of larger effort to blacklist companies that sell out Hong Kong.”
Ho testified before Congress last week to support Hong Kong’s protesters. “This is not a plea for so-called foreign interference. This is a plea for democracy,” Ho said in her speech. A new bill to ban U.S. exports of crowd-control technology to Hong Kong police has bipartisan support.
No Hong Kong artists are under any illusions that the fight to maintain democracy will be easy. Even the most outspoken protesters know the long odds against a Chinese government with infinite patience for stifling dissent. That’s why support from cultural figures and musicians can be even more meaningful now, Hui said.
“Artists, if they say anything, that cheers people on,” Hui said. “Psychologists say Hong Kong suffers from territory-wide depression. Even minor symbolic gestures from artists really lift people’s morale.”
Pro-democracy artists, like protesters, are more anxious than ever. They’ve never been more invested in these uprisings, but they also fear the worst from the mainland Chinese government. “If you asked me six months ago, I was not very hopeful,” Wong said. “But after what’s happened, even though the oppression is bigger, we are stronger and more determined than before.”
Anthony Wong Yiu-ming
Where: 1720, 1720 E. 16th St.
When: 7 p.m. Tuesday
Tickets: $55-$150
Info: 1720.la //
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[TỔNG HỢP] RANKING BẢNG XẾP HẠNG 08 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TẠI NEW ZEALAND 2020
Bạn nào team NewZealand giơ tay vào xem bài viết ngay nè. Ở New Zealand có tất cả 08 Trường Đại học và rất nhiều các trường THPT, Cao Đẳng,.. Chị là team trường. Mỗi trường đều có các ngành học ở các bậc học từ ĐH, ThS, Tiến Sỹ đa dạng và có ngành thế mạnh riêng cả nhà nhé. Ngoài học bổng chính phủ NewZealand dành cho bậc ThS, TS, New Zealand cũng có thêm học bổng dành cho các trường THPT, dự bị cho ĐH nha các bác :D. New Zealand đẹp yên bình, đáng để đến học tập cả nhà ạ <3
Không biết bạn nào có tham gia triển lãm giáo dục New Zealand do ĐS New Zealand ở HN ngày mai (25.08.2019) không? Mình lập team đi cùng nhau nè <3
Lịnk: https://hannahed.co/tong-hop-bang-xep-hang-08-truong-dai-hoc-tai-new-zealand-2020/
1. The University of Auckland
- Rank: #1 New Zealand; #83 World
- Campus: Trường có 01 campus ở Auckland, NZ
- Bậc học: ĐH, ThS, TS
2. University of Otago
- Rank: #2 New Zealand, #176 World
- Campus: Trường có 03 Campus ở Dunedin, Wellington, Christchurch
- Bậc học: ĐH, ThS, TS
3. Victoria University of Wellington
- Rank: #3 New Zealand, #215 World
- Campus: Trường có 03 Campus nhưng cả 03 đều ở thành phố Wellington nhé.
- Bậc học : ĐH, ThS, TS
4. University of Canterbury
- Rank: #4 New Zealand, #227 World
- Campus: Trường có 02 Campus nhưng cả 02 đều ở thành phố Christchurch.
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5. University of Waikato
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6. Massey University
- Rank: #6 New Zealand, #287 World
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7. Lincoln University
- Rank: #8 New Zealand, #356 World
- Campus: Trường có 01 Campus ở thành phố Canterbury
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8. Auckland University of Technology (AUT)
- Rank: #8 New Zealand, #442 World
- Campus: Trường có 03 Campus đều ở thành phố Auckland
- Bậc học : ĐH, ThS, TS
Nguồn: tất cả số liệu Rank các trường chị đều update theo bảng xếp hạng QS 2020 mới nhất hen
<3 Like page, tag và share cho bạn bè cả nhà nhé <3
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