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［時事英文］彩券是一種窮人稅 (a tax on the poor)？
　
最近看到多家媒體報導鼓勵大家支持「公益」彩券，就聯想到之前看過的一些彩券報導。雖然每個國家的彩券發行的法律、收益的分紅和管理規範都不盡相同，還是可以參考以下美國多家知名報社關於美國彩券的社論。根據西方的經驗，購買彩券的人大多是低收入戶，他們將微薄的收入用來買「公益」彩券，窮人的錢成為彩券的主要財源，因此，公益彩券反而像變相的「窮人稅」。彩券是否如迷幻藥般，使部分窮人更窮？值得大家深思。
　
從社會與心理層面看臺灣「樂透瘋」公聽會：https://bit.ly/30W6mpJ

★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
The lottery is a particularly awful example of political corruption. Here government is raising revenue by selling the Powerball dream of wealth without work. Studies in a number of states have shown that lottery ticket sales are concentrated in poor communities, that poor people spend a larger portion of their income on tickets and that the poor are more likely to view the lottery as an investment.
　
1. political corruption 政治腐敗
2. raise revenue 提高收入
3. Powerball 威力球（美國境內發行的彩券）
4. dream of wealth 財富的夢想
5. more likely to 更傾向於
　
彩券是政治腐敗的一個特別可怕的例子。政府藉由兜售威力球一夜致富的夢來增加國家的稅收。許多州的研究表明，彩券的銷售集中在貧困社區，窮人將多數收入花在彩券上，而窮人更傾向於將彩券視為一種投資。
　
——《華盛頓郵報》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Lotteries are regressive taxes on poor people, in that a ticket costs relatively more for a poor person than a rich person, and punitive taxes on the poor and uneducated people who are the most avid buyers. The people who can least afford it are throwing away on average 47 cents on the dollar every time they buy a ticket. And the government, which relies increasingly on the lottery for funding, goes out of its way to tell them it is a good idea.
　
6. relatively more 相對更多
7. most avid buyers 最狂熱的買家
8. go out of one’s way（特別是為其他人）非常努力地做
9. punitive taxes 懲罰性賦稅
　
彩券是對窮人的累退稅，也是對那些醉心於購買且未受過教育的窮人之懲罰性賦稅。因為與富人相比，買彩券所付出的成本對窮人而言相對較高。那些負擔得起彩券的人，平均每次要花４７美分購買彩券。政府愈來愈依賴彩券來籌措資金，並竭盡全力告訴他們這是個好主意。
　
——《商業內幕》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
What if I told you there was a $70 billion tax that the poor pay the most. You'd probably say that isn't very fair. But that's exactly what the lottery is: an almost 12-figure tax on the desperation of the least fortunate. To put that in perspective, that's $300 worth of lottery tickets for every adult every year. Researchers have found that the bottom third of households buy more than half of all tickets. So that means households making less than $28,000 a year are dishing out $450 a year on lotteries.
　
10. a 12-figure tax 一個１２位數的稅
11. the least fortunate 最不幸的
12. worth of… 值得⋯
13. dish out 祭出；拿出
14. What if...? 如果（尤指糟糕的情況出現）會怎麼樣？
　
如果我告訴你，在７００億美元的稅收中窮人付出的最多，你會怎麼想？你可能會說這不太公平。但這就是彩券：對最不幸者的絕望徵收近１２位數的稅。從這個角度來看，那對每位成年人來說是每年價值３００美元的彩券。研究人員發現，最底層的三分之一家庭所購買的彩票超過總數的一半。這意味著年收入不足兩萬八千美元的家庭，每年要花４５０美元來買彩券。
　
——《華盛頓郵報》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Historical data implies that when the economy goes bad, lottery revenues go up, because "when people are feeling desperate, they are more likely to stop by the gas station and buy five lottery tickets, hoping they get a big windfall.”
　
15. historical data 歷史數據
16. feel desperate 感到絕望
17. get a big windfall 獲得巨額、意外的收穫
　
歷史數據表明，每當經濟不景氣，彩券收入會增加，因為「每當人們感到絕望，他們更有可能在加油站前停下來，買五張彩券，並希望自己能獲得巨額的財富。」
　
——《ＡＢＣ新聞》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
In 2008, during the height of the recession, at least 22 of the 42 states with lotteries — including New York, New Jersey and Connecticut — set sales records.
　
18. height of the recession 經濟衰退的高點
19. set sales record 創下銷售記錄
　
２００８年，時值經濟衰退的谷底，在４２個有賣彩券的州中，至少有２２個州——包括紐約州、紐澤西州和康乃狄克州——創下銷售記錄。
　
——《紐約時報》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Lotteries are sometimes criticized as a "de facto tax on the poor," according to Matheson. "The poor spend a much higher percentage of their overall income on lotteries than the rich, and they can afford it less," he said. John Spry, a finance professor at the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota, has also studied the economic disparity among people who play instant scratch-off games. About three out of four instant game tickets sold in Minnesota are purchased by people with below-average incomes, according to Spry. He also cites research that shows that in South Carolina, 60% of instant lottery tickets were purchased by people with very low incomes.
　
20. a de facto tax on the poor 一種對窮人的實質賦稅
21. overall income 總收入
22. economic disparity 經濟差異；經濟失衡（國際法名詞）
23. below-average incomes 低於平均水準的所得
　
按馬特森所言，彩券有時被批評為「對窮人的實質賦稅」。他說：「窮人在彩券上的花費占總收入的比例遠比富人高出許多，而他們所能負擔的也更少。」明尼蘇達州聖湯瑪斯大學的財金系教授約翰・斯普里也研究了玩即時刮刮樂的人之間的經濟差異。根據斯普里的說法，在明尼蘇達州售出的四張即時刮刮樂中，約有三張是由收入低於平均水準的人購買。他還引用了一項研究，該研究表明，在南卡羅來納有６０％的即時彩券是被收入很低的人買走。
　
——《ＣＮＮ》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Think on this a moment. In a place where government has utterly failed to provide adequate education and public services, government is using advertising to exploit the desperation of poor people in order to raise revenue that funds other people’s public services. This is often called a “regressive” form of taxation. The word does not adequately capture the cruelty and crookedness of selling a lie to vulnerable people in order to bilk them. Offering the chance of one in a 100 million is the equivalent of a lie. Lotteries depend on the deceptive encouragement of mythical thinking and fantasies of escape.
　
24. utterly fail to 徹底地失敗
25. fail to provide 無法提供
26. adequate education and public services 充分的教育與公共服務
27. exploit the desperation of poor people 利用窮人的絕望
28. fund public services 資助公共服務
29. a regressive form of taxation 一種累退的賦稅形式
30. sell a lie 兜售一個謊言
31. vulnerable people 弱勢群體
32. mythical thinking 不切實際的想像
33. fantasy of escape 逃避的幻想
　
試想一下，在政府完全無法提供足夠的教育與公共服務的地方，為了提高國家稅收以資助他人的公共服務，政府正運用廣告來利用窮人的絕望。這通常被稱作「累退」的賦稅形式。這個詞並未充分體現出，政府為了欺騙弱勢群體，向他們兜售謊言此一殘酷與奸詐。提供億分之一的機會即形同說謊。彩券所仰賴的是不切實際與逃避現實的幻想，帶有欺騙性的鼓勵。
　
——《華盛頓郵報》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Some policymakers argue that the moral cost of lotteries is low. After all, the games are voluntary. And perhaps the money collected by the state is better off going to schools than to booze and cigarettes and whatever else. In an age of rising income inequality, it’s pernicious that states rely on monetizing the desperate hope of its poorest residents. State lotteries take from the poor to spare the rich, all while marching under the banner of voluntary entertainment. Banning lotto games will not make our poorest communities suddenly rich. But these neighborhoods have lost enough lotteries in life even before they touch a penny to the scratch-off ticket.
　
34. moral cost 道德成本
35. be better off 境況更好；經濟狀況較先前（或多數人）好
36. rising income inequality日益加劇的所得不均
37. take from the poor to spare the rich 劫貧濟富
38. under the banner of 以⋯⋯的名義；在⋯⋯的旗幟下
39. voluntary entertainment 自願性娛樂
40. a scratch-off ticket 一張刮刮樂
　
有些制定政策的人認為，彩券的道德成本很低。畢竟，那些都是自願的博弈。而且，由州政府收取資金並將之用於各級學校，也許比用在喝酒、抽菸或其他東西上都來得好。在一個所得不均日益加劇的時代，各州將貧困居民僅存的希望貨幣化，無疑是有害的。國家彩券劫貧濟富，以自願性娛樂的名義推進。禁止博彩遊戲並不會讓我們最貧窮的社區突然變得富有。但這些社區甚至連刮刮樂的一毛錢都沒贏過，卻已眼睜睜輸掉數量可觀的彩券。
　
——《大西洋》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
今政府開辦之彩券販售，雖係有法令依據的合法行為，其販售權力也優先給予殘障弱勢者，每年所獲盈餘也多用在公益事業或挹注部分運動項目，不可謂沒有功勞。但整體而論；彩券是藉公益之名，慷民眾之慨以補政府的不足，彩券盈餘所挹注的公益項目，都是政府原本就應照顧的族群，不應等待民眾簽注的盈餘才來做這些事。
　
——立法院第8屆第2會期第2次會議紀錄

https://bit.ly/2EkkktK
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
國內運動彩券之評析: https://www.npf.org.tw/3/5099

圖片出處: https://bit.ly/2P11l9L
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
參考資料：
　
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/refusing-t0-cheat-the-poor/2015/07/09/78154b9a-2670-11e5-aae2-6c4f59b050aa_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.55b

https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/refusing-t0-cheat-the-poor/2015/07/09/78154b9a-2670-11e5-aae2-6c4f59b050aa_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.55bf29a1f446

https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/05/lotteries-americas-70-billion-shame/392870/

http://www.businessinsider.com/lottery-is-a-tax-on-the-poor-2012-4

http://money.cnn.com/2016/01/12/news/companies/powerball-lottery-games-poor/index.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/05/lotteries-americas-70-billion-shame/392870/

[時事英文] Lottery, a Tax on the Poor? 彩券是一種窮人稅?

最近看到多家媒體報導鼓勵大家支持「公益」彩券和運彩，就聯想到之前看過的一些彩券的報導。雖然每個國家的彩券發行的法律、收益的分紅和管理規範都不盡相同，還是可以參考以下美國多家知名報社關於美國彩券的社論和關鍵英文詞彙，希望可以提供同學關於此議題的另一個觀點。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

1. political corruption 政治腐敗
2. raise revenue 提高收入
3. Powerball 強力球，是美國境內發行的彩票
4. dream of wealth 財富的夢想
5. more likely to 更傾向於

The lottery is a particularly awful example of political corruption. Here government is raising revenue by selling the Powerball dream of wealth without work. Studies in a number of states have shown that lottery ticket sales are concentrated in poor communities, that poor people spend a larger portion of their income on tickets and that the poor are more likely to view the lottery as an investment.

-The Washington Post

★★★★★★★★★★★★

6. relatively more 相對更多
7. most avid buyers 最狂熱的買家
8. go out of one’s way 特地
9. punitive taxes 懲罰性的徵稅

Lotteries are (1) regressive taxes on poor people, in that a ticket costs relatively more for a poor person than a rich person, and (2) punitive taxes on the poor and uneducated people who are the most avid buyers. The people who can least afford it are throwing away on average 47 cents on the dollar every time they buy a ticket. And the government, which relies increasingly on the lottery for funding, goes out of its way to tell them it is a good idea.

-BusinessInsider

★★★★★★★★★★★★

10. a 12-figure tax 一個12位數的稅
11. the least fortunate 最不幸的
12. worth of… 值得...
13. dish out 祭出，拿出
14. What if...? 如果（尤指糟糕的情況出現）會怎麼樣?

What if I told you there was a $70 billion tax that the poor pay the most. You'd probably say that isn't very fair. But that's exactly what the lottery is: an almost 12-figure tax on the desperation of the least fortunate. To put that in perspective, that's $300 worth of lottery tickets for every adult every year. Researchers have found that the bottom third of households buy more than half of all tickets. So that means households making less than $28,000 a year are dishing out $450 a year on lotteries.

-The Washington Post

★★★★★★★★★★★★

15. historical data 歷史數據
16. feel desperate 感到絕望
17. get a big windfall 獲得巨額、意外的收穫

Historical data implies that when the economy goes bad, lottery revenues go up, because "when people are feeling desperate, they are more likely to stop by the gas station and buy five lottery tickets, hoping they get a big windfall."

-ABC News

★★★★★★★★★★★★

18. height of the recession 經濟衰退的高點
19. set sales record 創下銷售記錄

In 2008, during the height of the recession, at least 22 of the 42 states with lotteries — including New York, New Jersey and Connecticut — set sales records.

-The New York Times

★★★★★★★★★★★★

20. a de facto tax on the poor 實際上是一種對窮人徵收的稅
21. overall income 總收入
22. economic disparity 經濟差距
23. below-average incomes 收入低於平均水平

Lotteries are sometimes criticized as a "de facto tax on the poor," according to Matheson. "The poor spend a much higher percentage of their overall income on lotteries than the rich, and they can afford it less," he said.

John Spry, a finance professor at the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota, has also studied the economic disparity among people who play instant scratch-off games. About three out of four instant game tickets sold in Minnesota are purchased by people with below-average incomes, according to Spry. He also cites research that shows that in South Carolina, 60% of instant lottery tickets were purchased by people with very low incomes.

-CNN

★★★★★★★★★★★★

24. utterly fail 完全失敗
25. fail to provide 無能提供
26. adequate education and public services 適當的教育和公共服務
27. exploit the desperation of poor people 利用窮人的絕望
28. fund public services 資助公共服務
29. a regressive form of taxation 一種累退的稅收形式
30. sell a lie 賣一個謊言
31. vulnerable people 弱勢群體
32. mythical thinking 神話思維; wishful thinking 如意算盤；癡心妄想
33. fantasy of escape 逃避的幻想

Think on this a moment. In a place where government has utterly failed to provide adequate education and public services, government is using advertising to exploit the desperation of poor people in order to raise revenue that funds other people’s public services. This is often called a “regressive” form of taxation. The word does not adequately capture the cruelty and crookedness of selling a lie to vulnerable people in order to bilk them. Offering the chance of one in a 100 million is the equivalent of a lie. Lotteries depend on the deceptive encouragement of mythical thinking and fantasies of escape.

-The Washington Post

★★★★★★★★★★★★

34. moral cost 道德成本
35. better off 更好的
36. rising income inequality 成長的收入不平等
37. take from the poor to spare the rich 劫貧濟富
38. under the banner of 以……名義（進行某項工作）
39. voluntary entertainment 自願娛樂
40. a scratch-off ticket 一張用刮的彩票

Some policymakers argue that the moral cost of lotteries is low. After all, the games are voluntary. And perhaps the money collected by the state is better off going to schools than to booze and cigarettes and whatever else.

In an age of rising income inequality, it’s pernicious that states rely on monetizing the desperate hope of its poorest residents. State lotteries take from the poor to spare the rich, all while marching under the banner of voluntary entertainment. Banning lotto games will not make our poorest communities suddenly rich. But these neighborhoods have lost enough lotteries in life even before they touch a penny to the scratch-off ticket.

-The Atlantic

★★★★★★★★★★★★

“政府發行公益彩券，在行政上有法令依據，是合法的行為，其販售權力也優先給予殘障弱勢者，每年所獲盈餘也多用在公益事業或挹注部分運動項目，不可謂沒有功勞。但彩券基本上就是一種賭博的行為，明知中獎機率極低，但每個購買彩券的民眾總期待自己是那千萬分之一的幸運兒，事實上，絕大多數人都只是又一次發現自己只是與獎無緣的失望者，而最大的贏家就是政府。

就整體而論，彩券的發行有諸多缺失。首先，彩券是藉公益之名，慷民眾之慨以補政府的不足，彩券盈餘所挹注的公益項目，都是政府原本就應照顧的族群，不應等待民眾簽注的盈餘才來做這些事。”

-TW Times

★★★★★★★★★★★★

國內運動彩券之評析
https://www.npf.org.tw/3/5099

運動彩券制度規劃之研究 - 教育部體育署
https://www.sa.gov.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1451377029007.pdf

★★★★★★★★★★★★

時事英文新聞 (Breaking News): http://goo.gl/3EnOO6

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Sources: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1BE

In first grade, a boy named John— a notorious troublemaker—systematically chased every girl in our class during recess trying to kiss her on the lips. Most gave in eventually. It was easier to give in than keep running. When it was my turn, I turned and faced him, grabbed his glasses off his weasel face, and stomped on them on the hard blacktop. He ran to the principal’s office and cried.

In fifth grade, I was asked to be a boy’s girlfriend over email. It was the first email I ever received. He actually told me he wanted to send me an email, so I went home and made an AOL account. We went to a carnival and he won me a Garfield stuffed animal, and then he gave me a 3 Doors Down CD. A few days later, he broke up with me, and asked for Garfield and the CD back. I said no.

In sixth grade, a girl in my year gave head to an eighth grader in the back of the school bus while playing Truth or Dare.

In the summer after sixth grade, I kissed a boy for the first time at sleep away camp. He was my summer love. During the end-of-the-summer dining hall announcements, where kids usually announced lost sweatshirts and Walkmen, an older girl stepped up to the microphone, tossed her hair behind her shoulders, and proudly stated, “I lost something very precious to me last night. My virginity. If anyone finds it, please let me know.” The dining hall erupted into laughter and cheers. She was barred from ever coming back to the camp again, and wasn’t allowed to say goodbye to anyone.

In seventh grade, I told my brother I decided when I was older wanted a Hummer. What I really meant was I wanted a Jeep, but I didn’t know a lot about cars. My mother overheard and screamed at me for “wanting a Hummer.”

In the summer after freshman year of high school, I went to sleepaway field hockey camp with many of my close friends. One of them, named Megan, I had been friends with since kindergarten. One night when I was showering, she ripped open the curtain and snapped a photo of me on her disposable camera. I screamed. She laughed. We both laughed when I got out of the shower a few minutes later. After camp was over, her father took the camera to the convenience store to get it developed. When he gave the finished photos back to her, he said, “Your friend [Anonymous] has grown up.”

Sophomore year of high school, one of my best friends Hilary had a party in her basement while her mom was away. We invited some of the guys in our grade and someone’s older brother bought us a handle of vodka. One of the boys who came sat next to me in Spanish class. His name was Thomas. I remember playing a simple game, where we passed the bottle of vodka around in a circle and drank. I remember being happily tipsy and having fun, to suddenly being very drunk. Thomas and I started chanting numbers in Spanish, and he leaned towards me and kissed me. We kissed in the middle of the party, with all of our friends cheering. Then we went into Hilary’s bedroom.

Hilary’s bedroom was in the basement, on the ground floor, with a large window next to her bed. When someone went outside to smoke a cigarette, they realized it was a front row seat to what was happening in the bedroom. It was dark outside, and the light on was in the bedroom. They called everyone outside to watch. I don’t remember getting undressed, but apparently we were both completely naked in Hilary’s bed. A friend of mine told me later she tried to open the door and stop what was happening, but Thomas must have locked it. They said they pounded on the door. I don’t remember hearing them pounding. I don’t remember seeing everyone’s faces outside the window. I remember Thomas holding my head down, and shoving his penis into my mouth. I remember trying to resist, pulling back, but he held his hands firmly on my head, pushing my face up and down. That’s all that I remember.

The next day, my friends and I went out to dinner at one of our favorite local restaurants. I couldn’t eat anything, and it wasn’t because I was hung over. Every time I tried to put food in my mouth, I felt like I was choking. Anytime a flash of the night before appeared in my mind, I felt like vomiting. My friends sat with me in silence. Then they told me a girl named Lindsey, who had briefly dated Thomas freshman year, had stood outside and watched the entire time. Even after everyone else stopped watching. My friends said they didn’t watch.

On Monday, Thomas and I sat next to each other in Spanish. We didn’t speak. We didn’t make eye contact. I went to the girls bathroom and threw up. I hear Lindsey and Thomas live together, now, ten years later.

Junior year of high school, my teacher for Honors Spanish was named Señor Gonzales. Señor Gonzales had all of the girls sit in the front row. Señor Gonzales called on any girl who was wearing a skirt to write on the chalkboard. Señor Gonzales asked a friend of mine, who had broken her finger playing an after school sport, if she broke her finger because “she liked it rough.” Señor Gonzales was a tenured teacher.

Senior year of high school, I got my first real boyfriend. His name was Colin. He was on the lacrosse team with Thomas. He told me that sophomore year, Thomas told everyone on the team what happened that night at Hilary’s. Everyone cheered. Colin said that, even then, he had a crush on me. Even then, he wanted to punch Thomas.

Colin and I lost our virginities to each other. Colin said if I got pregnant, he would make me have the baby. He didn’t believe in abortion. Colin said if I got pregnant, he would make me have a C-section. Colin said that if I didn’t have a C-section, my vagina would be too loose for him to ever enjoy having sex with me again. Colin said that he wouldn’t let our child breastfeed. He said his mother gave him formula, and that he turned out just fine. I didn’t get pregnant.

Junior year of college, I lived in Denmark for the spring semester and studied at the University of Copenhagen. Copenhagen is one of the safest cities in the world. Guns are illegal there. Pepper spray is illegal there. One night, my friends and I went to a concert at a crowded club in a part of the city I didn’t know very well. I brought a tiny purse with money, my apartment key, and my international cell phone. For some reason it made sense at the time to put my purse inside my friend’s purse. Maybe I didn’t feel like carrying it. We were both drinking. My friend left the concert to go home with her boyfriend. One by one, everyone I was there with left the concert, until I was suddenly alone and I realized I didn’t have my purse, or any money for a cab ride home.

I started walking in the direction that felt right. I walked for a long time. I had no idea where I was, and didn’t recognize the area. It was almost 4 am. I was on a residential street when a cab pulled up next to me. I asked the driver if he could drive me to an intersection down the street from my apartment.

I don’t have any money, I said.

I really need your help, I said.

I will do it for free, he said.

Sit in the front, he said.

I sat in the front. We drove in silence for some time, until he pulled over on the side of a dark street.

I don’t want to do it for free anymore, he said.

He locked the car doors and reached across the center console and slipped his hand up my skirt. He grabbed my vagina. Hard. I pushed his hand away and unlocked the door. I ran down the street and realized he had taken me a block away from the intersection I wanted. I walked to my apartment and threw rocks at my roommate’s window until she let me inside. She yelled at me for waking her up. I escaped. Nothing happened. I was fine.

The summer after I graduated college I helped Hilary find an internship. She was an art major and wanted something for her resume besides waitressing. We found a posting on Craigslist to be a studio assistant for a painter in the Bronx. It was listed as an unpaid internship. The toll for the George Washington Bridge was twelve dollars, plus gas, but she got the internship anyway. She wanted the experience.

The artist was a 38-year-old Canadian painter named Bradley. Hilary was 22.There was another intern there, an art student from Manhattan named Stella. Bradley needed assistants to help him make bubble wrap paintings. Stella and Hilary would take a syringe and fill the tiny bubbles with different color paints until it formed a mosaic. Bradley always had Hilary stay after Stella left to clean the paintbrushes and syringes. He told Hilary she was beautiful. More beautiful than his wife, who he only married for citizenship. He told Hilary they had a loveless marriage. He told Hilary he wanted to have her beautiful children. They began an affair. He told Hilary has wife knew and didn’t care. He told Hilary he was going to leave his wife soon.

Everyday Hilary drove to the Bronx, cleaned Bradley’s paintbrushes, and had sex on the studio floor. Everyday she went home with no money, and everyday she paid the toll at the George Washington Bridge. She needed the internship for her resume, she said. It was too late to find a new job, she said.

I could go on. I could tell you a lot more. About the whistles on the sidewalk, the kids who sat at the bottom of the stairs in high school to look up our skirts, my friend who was a prostitute in South Carolina, the men who’ve cornered me in parking lots and bars calling me a tease, the unwanted grabbing on the subway, the many times my father has called me fat, the time I traveled to the Philippines and discovered Western men pay preteen locals to spend the week in their hotel, the messages on OKCupid asking to “fart in my mouth.” About how I wasn’t sure if I had been raped because I was drunk and kissed Thomas back. How he raped my mouth and not my vagina, so that must not be rape. How easy it was for me to escape the dark street in Copenhagen, and how that made it not matter since “it could’ve been worse.”

Men have no idea what it takes to be a woman. To grin and bear it and persevere. The constant state of war, navigating the relentless obstacle course of testosterone and misogyny, where they think we are property to be owned and plowed. But we’re not. We are people, just like them. Equals, in fact, or at least that’s the core of what feminism is still trying to achieve. The job is not over. We’ve made great progress. There are female CEOs, though not very many. There are females writing for the New York Times and winning Pulitzer prizes, though not very many. There are female politicians, though not very many. But these advances are only on paper. The job won’t be over until equality permeates the air we breathe, the streets we walk and the homes we live in.

I think back to how easy it was for me, in first grade, to feel fearless and strong in my conviction to stomp on John’s glasses. I felt right in reacting how I did, because John’s behavior was wrong. But his was an elementary learning of the wide boundaries his gender would go on to afford him. For me, it would never again be so easy.

— Anonymous, age 25

(source: ibelieveyouitsnotyourfault.tumblr.com)

本集主題：#自體免疫自救解方新書介紹 　#歐瀚文醫師 Ouya Ou專訪　
　
　　過敏、肥胖、哮喘、心血管疾病、纖維肌痛、狼瘡、腸躁症、慢性頭痛，都可能是自體免疫系統的問題！
　
　　革命性醫學突破──自體免疫療法，完整營養對策，全面對抗自體免疫疾病！
　
　　➤全世界超過90％的人，正遭受發炎或自體免疫疾病之苦！
　
　　截至目前為止，當傳統醫學面對自體免疫疾病時，往往束手無策。
　
　　著名功能醫學領導者艾米．邁爾斯醫師，提供了醫學實證的方法──Myer’s Way，可有效預防和改善廣泛的發炎相關症狀和疾病，包括過敏、肥胖、哮喘、心血管疾病、纖維肌痛、狼瘡、腸躁症、慢性頭痛和橋本氏甲狀腺炎。
　
➤Myer’s Way四大革新觀念：
1.消除有毒食物，像是糖和咖啡因，與發炎性食物如乳品、麥麩和穀類，這些會擾亂消化系統。
2.導入修復性成份和補充品，例如高品質蛋白質、健康的油和益生菌，以修補腸道。
3.找出日用品中的環境毒素，如洗髮精、肥皂、化妝品、清潔劑和其他家用品。
4.治療自體免疫相關性的感染，同時紓解心理、情緒和生理壓力，避免加劇免疫系統對外來毒素的連鎖反應。
　
　　邁爾斯醫師已經透過這個療法，成功改善了數千位病患。無論是正在對抗多發性硬化症或葛瑞夫茲氏症，還是單純想要遏止反覆擾人的小毛病，「自體免疫自救解方」會是阻止且打敗自體免疫疾病的專門療法！
　
醫界專業好評推薦
　
臺北市立聯合醫院忠孝院區家庭醫學科主任 楊佳莉 醫師
WeCare Naturally總營養師 陳怡靜 營養師
臺北市立聯合醫院松山門診部主任 侯君穎 醫師
（依姓名筆劃排序）
　
　　
作者簡介：艾米．邁爾斯醫師（AMY MYERS, M.D.）
　
自體免疫疾病專家
　
學歷：
南卡羅來納大學榮譽學院（University of South Carolina）
路易斯安那州立大學健康科學中心醫學學位（Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center）
馬里蘭大學急診醫學（University of Maryland）
　
經歷：
奧斯汀（UltraHealth）功能醫學中心並擔任醫療總監
　
　
編譯者簡介：歐瀚文 醫師
　
學歷：
臺北醫學大學保健營養學系畢
盧布林醫學大學學士後醫學系畢
美國西方州立大學人類營養暨功能醫學碩士
　
經歷：
林口長庚紀念醫院醫師
臺北榮民總醫院醫師
臺北市立聯合醫院醫師
家庭醫學科醫師
美國功能醫學協會認證醫師