#下雨空氣就會變好嗎?
#科學實證月經文
文/ 陳信諭 醫師
昨晚到今日,高雄降下入冬以來少見的雨勢,但有些關心空氣品質的市民還是發現,昨晚到今晨,市區多處測站PM2.5濃度仍然偏高。 因此我們又要來回答常常會被問到的:「為什麼都下雨了PM2.5還是沒降呢」?
事實上,根據長期氣象資料分析,所有PM量均和雨量成反比,換言之,下雨的確會讓PM下降,但顆粒大者較明顯。例如PM10在下雨後,表面粘附性改善,容易沉降,但PM2.5下降幅度就沒這麼多。
一篇北京研究顯示:下5mm的雨量可讓PM2.5 每立方公尺降10–30μg [1]。但另一篇蘭州研究則顯示,除非下超大雨,PM2.5才能降8%左右,普通雨勢都沒什麼幫助,而就算是PM10等粒子,降雨也頂多能讓其下降20-30%[2]。其餘中國與歐洲研究則顯示,就算PM2.5有下降,其效應主要和風有關(例如冬季降雨常是伴隨鋒面),與雨的相關係數較低[3]。因而,空汙之變化還是要看整體大氣變化,以及當地的污染組成,單單降雨一個因子,並不足以清除空汙。
此外,因為雨會溶解污染物,特別是硫化物,因而空汙嚴重時降雨(特別是前10分鐘)中雖然這些物質濃度下降,但雨水會溶有硫化物、磷化物甚至重金屬等物質[1],大家反而要小心啊。
參考資料:
1.Ouyang, Wei, et al. "The washing effect of precipitation on particulate matter and the pollution dynamics of rainwater in downtown Beijing." Science of The Total Environment 505 (2015): 306-314.
2.Feng, Xinyuan, and Shigong Wang. "Influence of different weather events on concentrations of particulate matter with different sizes in Lanzhou, China." Journal of Environmental Sciences 24.4 (2012): 665-674.
3.Barmpadimos, I., et al. "One decade of parallel fine (PM 2.5) and coarse (PM 10–PM 2.5) particulate matter measurements in Europe: trends and variability." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12.7 (2012): 3189-3203.
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過119萬的網紅Laowu老吳,也在其Youtube影片中提到,THE SHORE is a first person story driven game with an atmospheric environment and narrations, You will encounter mysterious creatures and unravel the ...
atmospheric environment 在 Boris Foong Facebook 的最讚貼文
The GoPro capture from that night is finally up! Here's the first half of the warm-up set for MaRLo & Fono!
**TUNED & PITCHED DUE TO COPYRIGHT ISSUES ON YOUTUBE.**
"The idea and focus for this warm up set was to create an atmospheric environment for Fono & MaRLo in Zouk Club KL, and to identify the true meaning of melodic trance. Tight mixes and Key shifts was very vital to enable people to channel through this journey." - Boris Foong
Boris Foong - Warm-up Live Set - MaRLo @ Zouk KL
Mixed by Boris Foong on 18 December 2015
1. Oceanic (feat. Mimi Page) - Conjure One
2. Another Skin (Blood Groove & Kikis Remix) - 19 Hz
3. Outside The Lines (LTN Sunrise Mix) - LTN, Adara
4. Exit (Original Mix) - Stanley Progman
5. Remember Me (Rodg Remix) - Solid Stone
6. Undercover (Yotto Remix) - Lane 8, Matthew Dear
7. Incomplete (Deepfunk Remix) - Presslaboys
8. Backdraft (Original Mix) - Pryda
9. Wallflower (Lane 8 Remix) - Maribou State
→ SUBSCRIBE TO BORIS FOONG: http://www.youtube.com/user/borizbenjifx
→ AUDIO ONLY:
Mixcloud: https://www.mixcloud.com/…/boris-foong-warm-up-live-set-ma…/
YouTube Liveset Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hhZKBZB4QA
atmospheric environment 在 Boris Foong Facebook 的最佳貼文
"The idea and focus for this warm up set was to create an atmospheric environment for Fono & MaRLo in Zouk Club KL, and to identify the true meaning of melodic trance. Tight mixes and Key shifts was very vital to enable people to channel through this journey." -Boris Foong
Boris Foong - Warm-up Live Set - MaRLo @ Zouk KL
Mixed by Boris Foong on 18 December 2015
1. Oceanic (feat. Mimi Page) - Conjure One
2. Another Skin (Blood Groove & Kikis Remix) - 19 Hz
3. Outside The Lines (LTN Sunrise Mix) - LTN, Adara
4. Exit (Original Mix) - Stanley Progman
5. Remember Me (Rodg Remix) - Solid Stone
6. Undercover (Yotto Remix) - Lane 8, Matthew Dear
7. Incomplete (Deepfunk Remix) - Presslaboys
8. Backdraft (Original Mix) - Pryda
9. Wallflower (Lane 8 Remix) - Maribou State
atmospheric environment 在 Laowu老吳 Youtube 的最讚貼文
THE SHORE is a first person story driven game with an atmospheric environment and narrations, You will encounter mysterious creatures and unravel the secrets behind them. Strong elements of horror, struggle to survive an unknown world that will make you question your own sanity.
《海岸》整个故事基于一段神话,游戏将深入探讨克苏鲁作品的核心以及更多。玩家将以一位失去女儿父亲的眼中了解故事剧情,通过沉浸式玩法体验这款游戏。玩家还会遇到可怕的克苏鲁怪物,并面临生存和谜题的考验。
#TheShore #shore #海岸
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