🌻另一個Zoom會議(第二次貼......有補上一些內容)
繼上次的年報導讀會議後, 讓我們再做另一個會議! 這次很榮幸邀請到一位對估值很有見解的股友前輩來帶大家了解估值(恩, 這次我會是主持人, 不是主講人).
主題: 估值(valuation)分享會(Cat: 這不算基礎的估值會議)
主講人: 小揚(from安泰價值投資)
https://www.facebook.com/antaiinvestment (此為小揚的粉絲頁)
參與者: 具基本估值能力. 若打算參加者, 請事先跟我(請私訊)提出一個關於估值的case study, 到時候可在會議中分享(最好是以投影片形式呈現, 這樣到時候好跟大家分享). 若有估值的問題, 也可以提出.
Case study可以是美股, 也可以是台股.
時間: 台灣時間07/10 (周六)晚間9點.
預計一個小時(不會像上次那樣冗長了😅): 前30分鐘由小揚做分享, 後30分鐘大家分享估值案例&提問
進行方式: 以Zoom進行(之後會私訊會議資訊給參與者)
🌻Morgan Stanley Mid-year Investor Outlook: A tricky transition
https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/midyear-2021-global-markets-outlook
🌻在您投資生涯中, 有沒有一些觀念讓您受用很多?
下面這位投資名人的好觀念影響我很深. 他的意思是, 一般投資人, 只要能説出三個買一家公司的理由, 就很夠了. 這也迫使我, 每次在買股票時, 問自己對這家公司的了解有多少. 也會去衡量公司的優點與缺點在哪裡.
"It is vital (重要的) that you know what you own, that if I asked you on the street why you like a certain stock, you can give me three reasons. If you don't know how they make their money, who their key clients are and what they make if, then I will tell you that you are over your head and should not own individual stocks."
全文在此:
Jim Cramer: In Times Like This, Go for the Easy Money
Look at the stocks you own. Can you tell me why you've got them? If you can't answer the following three questions, then have a look at several I like right now.
We've endured the meme stock craziness, with all of its love for heavily shorted stocks. We have watched the collapse of bitcoin to levels viewed as shocking, even if they are still more than double where they were not that long ago. We've dealt with Fed officials making it clear that they are no longer on the side of the bulls or the bears. They are on the side of job growth, but are wary of inflation. We've seen the end of the rush to get vaccines, which means that millions of people are going to get the new COVID variant, because there is no natural immunity to it. We've watched as the hopes for an infrastructure bill have collapsed. We've endured shortages of everything from chips to plastic to imported goods and labor.
And we're still standing, yeah, yeah, yeah.
Yep, we are in one of those halcyon moments, where the masks are off -- even if they shouldn't be -- and Americans are back doing what they do best: consume, spend, go out to eat and then consume and spend some more.
There are times in the stock market where the collective mindset is revealed. This is one of those times: Things are cool, it's not a big moment, there's no real news for a bit, it's the historically strong period and we can reach some conclusions about where we are.
When things are like this, it is important to remember that buyers like to revert to tried-and-true companies that thrive no matter what. These are companies that have an edge and are better at what they do than other companies.
You know that I am a great believer in index funds, that the average person doesn't have the time or the inclination to research individual stocks. It's a difficult barrier. I think you need to make time to read the quarterly report and listen to the conference call, to Google articles and, if possible, get some research about the companies you own. It is vital that you know what you own, that if I asked you on the street why you like a certain stock, you can give me three reasons. If you don't know how they make their money, who their key clients are and what they make if, then I will tell you that you are over your head and should not own individual stocks. I am reminded by this, because, once again, without a mask, I can be recognized and if I am not holding "Nvidia the Second," I can carry on a conversation.
I have had many in the last two weeks and when I have asked this litany of questions, I find myself at a loss as to why almost no one knew what they owned. But they thirsted for individual stocks, because they, like me, think things are better post pandemic. No, that's not a facetious comment. Many, many stocks did better with a stay-at-home economy. A huge number.
So what do I do? I revert to what others do when you are stumped about how to stay in touch with stocks, but want to do less homework. That means buying stocks that are accessible, not stocks like Unity (U) or Snowflake (SNOW) or Twilio (TWLO) or Okta (OKTA) .
I revert to normal businesses people know and I suggest they Google some articles, peruse the conference call, but, above all, like the company's products so you can buy more if it goes down.
Here's some that I have been telling people I like:
First is Ford (F) . I think the Ford lineup is amazing. The electric F-150 series will be incredible. I am eager to get a Maverick for my family, because it is a smaller pickup that will get the job done for the myriad little things I need to do with this farm I bought from that crazy bitcoin foray. I like the competitive edge of the CEO, who says he is going to bury Elon Musk when the Lightning comes out. I even think the Bronco is cool as all get out. Most important, though? I think the chip shortage is ending. My semiconductor friends are telling me the foundries are producing more feature-rich chips and that means Ford can pump out the trucks small business people love and need. Plus, the used car prices at last have plateaued, according to their most important pricing index. Halcyon times.
Second, Costco (COST) : The samples are coming back. Tell me you don't love the samples. You need things in bulk. You want low prices. You want to get all of the things that people don't think of with Costco, like insurance, hearing-aids -- hey, they are a fortune -- jewelry, things around the house. You go and you will buy far more than you first came for. My kind of store.
The kids love this American Eagle Outfitters (AEO) , which we just bought for my charitable trust, which you can follow along by joining the Action Alerts PLUS club. Jay Schottenstein, the CEO, came on "Mad Money" recently and it's clear that his Aerie model has real staying power: 26 consecutive quarters of double digit growth. No flash in the pan, that one. Number one brand in jeans for the 15 to 25 year old group. The best in the mall. How did I know this? I see the credit card bills.
I got up this morning to do my physical therapy. I have been doing it ever since I hurt my back in February. I have this really cool pair of sneakers that fit me perfectly and I love them, but I am fortunate enough to have a vacation house and I am always taking those shoes with me.
So I went on Amazon (AMZN) this morning and lo and behold I saw them for half price. I bought two pairs. Then I went over everything I have bought in the last year and got a bunch of those things. Then I bought a pair of binoculars, because mine were stolen. I paid half price.
Yep, Amazon's universal. I was talking to Alexa, while I was ordering, getting some new music on, asking questions. I saw that despite all of the Sturm und Drang of Amazon being late with things, all the delivery dates were within range. I didn't click on any ads, and I didn't need the speed of Web Services, but the whole thing reminded me about how special the darned company is. I don't care if it's ahead or behind plan for the moment. I would just buy some more when it goes down.
Finally, Apple (AAPL) . I think people who don't own Apple should look what they are holding at this very moment. Yes, right now. Or look at what's in your lap or on the table besides your fork. And then think about the bill you paid last night without knowing it. Think about what you bought in the App store yesterday. Think about what would happen if it would break or get stolen or, left in the Uber (UBER) , or heaven forbid, be dropped into the pool or in the, yes, toilet.
There, that's what you buy in halcyon times. Stocks of companies you know that if they go lower, because things get less halcyon, you are fine with it and buy more. If things go up, believe me, you will participate.
So accept the moment. Don't try for the hard money. Go for the easy kind. That's the best kind.
https://realmoney.thestreet.com/jim-cramer/jim-cramer--15692051
Picture: 牡丹(peony)花開. 恨不得院子裡有一塊地是牡丹園.
costco年報 在 未來流通研究所 Facebook 的最讚貼文
#自有品牌夯_高CP值的產品形象深獲消費者青睞
#Aeon_MUJI_DAISO_自有品牌戰略前進東協
【日本零售商進軍東南亞的秘密武器:現地製造與自有品牌】
東協經濟共同體(AEC)於2015年成立後,正逐步朝向「單一市場」目標邁進,預計2025年將達成貨品、服務、投資、資金與技術勞工的5大自由流通,促使AEC成為共同生產基地與消費市場。在上述背景下,日本零售龍頭永旺(Aeon)著手運用東協內自由貿易與共同生產優勢,在海外大力發展廉宜多元的自有品牌(PB)商品,以強化其競爭優勢與品牌溢價能力。
事實上,PB商品為Aeon在日本市場取得成功的重要關鍵。1974年推出至今,每年創造出高達7,000億日圓的銷售金額,佔Aeon國內銷售總額超過10%。因此,立基於日本國內的成功經驗,Aeon希望將其純熟的PB戰略移植至高速成長的東南亞市場,目標2019財年創造出1.2兆日圓的銷售規模。
Aeon的東南亞PB戰略於1990年代展開,首站選擇馬來西亞,2016年開始進一步拓展至泰國與越南,目前Aeon在泰馬越3國共擁有近3,000項PB商品,較3年前翻漲了整整一倍。其中越南自有品牌「GIORNO MIMOSA」,為Aeon成功實施PB戰略的代表。
2016年Aeon在越南推出專屬自有品牌「GIORNO MIMOSA」,銷售服飾、鞋履、背包、皮夾等超過100項商品。因商品設計符合越南民眾偏好且售價廉宜,廣受消費者歡迎,2018財年銷售額可望成長超過50%。以POLO衫為例,為迎合越南男性消費者的穿著偏好,GIORNO MIMOSA的POLO衫採貼身剪裁與硬挺大立領設計,布料應用上則選用大膽的明亮色彩,單件售價僅149,000越南盾(約6.4美元),為其它國際品牌的1/6,高CP值的產品形象深獲消費者青睞。
GIORNO MIMOSA之所以能夠採用優勢價格策略的主因,在於其雖主打依照日本品質標準設計生產,但製造基地卻設置於越南,採用成本較低的在地採購、生產製造與銷售模式,因此在價格上能夠大幅低於其他海外品牌。另一方面,目前Aeon在ASEAN共擁有191個據點(銷售總額達3,349億日圓),密集的網絡加上東協內部關稅優惠,使Aeon能夠透過區域內規模經濟效益壓低整體成本。Aeon未來規劃在東南亞持續開發約20項PB商品,並針對不同國家研發特定商品,例如泰國市場著重於冷凍食品與寵物飼料、馬來西亞為橡膠產品、越南則是服飾與鞋履。此外,Aeon也將借重東南亞內部關稅優惠,將在不同國家製造的PB商品同步出口至其他東南亞市場,以強化銷售效益。
Aeon的現地製造PB策略,其實是針對初期直接進口銷售模式的改良與修正。Aeon初期採直接將日本PB商品輸入東南亞市場的銷售模式,但因售價過高導致半數以上商品陷入滯銷,迫使Aeon修正其輸出策略,由進口銷售改為現地製造。採取類似做法的還包括日本無印良品(MUJI),MUJI進入泰國初期,同樣採以日本國內商品進口直接銷售的方式,導致泰國售價為日本2.5倍的困境。經過檢討,MUJI建立起從越南工廠直送泰國的配銷系統,近三分之二的商品價格降低了20%,且大幅縮減了商品配送時間。吸取此經驗,MUJI建構起海外生産調達(現地一貫生産)模式,供應其東南亞所有門市據點。
此外,同樣將PB戰略與現地製造模式發揮得淋漓盡致的日本零售業者,還包括連鎖平價商品零售商大創(DAISO),DAISO採取日本設計+海外生產(中國/泰國)+海外直營的模式,近三年海外店數由860家成長至1,900家,成為東南亞此類型生活雜貨最大企業。DAISO超過99%雜貨商品為自行開發製造的PB商品,每月平均開發出700項新商品,不僅成功掌握東南亞消費者熱愛嚐新的消費特徵,也為品牌樹立起難以跨越的護城河
Daiso的模式稱為「自有品牌專業零售商經營模式(Speciality Retailer of Private Label Apparel, SPA)」,核心為於日本進行商品設計,並自行掌握生產及物流環節,創造出相對傳統零售通路更高的營業收益。同樣地,大創為解決商品由日本出口過於昂貴之問題,2007年於泰國Amata City園區建立面積達89萬平方英呎、號稱全球最大塑膠製品工廠,並於中國大陸上海、深圳和泰國設置海外配銷中心,針對海外市場需求偏好直接進行調度與配銷。可以看出,日本大型零售業者的海外布局,多採取海外生產、通路、物流一體化模式,使外銷成本得以大幅下降,是日本業者得以克服東南亞市場配銷零碎化與市場高價格敏感度等問題之關鍵。
整體而言,PB商品向來是日本零售企業的強項,無論是在國內或海外市場,都是業者建構品牌護城河的重要關鍵。帶動日本從小型超商、超市,到百貨商場與藥局等專賣零售業者,均致力於開發PB商品。目前在日本、歐美等先進國家,PB商品已不只是「低價商品」的代稱,或是現有其它商品的替代選項,而是具獨特高性價比的引客關鍵(例如日本7-11、美國Costco都是典型代表)。不過,在東南亞市場中,PB商品很大一部分優勢仍在於其廉宜的價格優勢,能夠有效吸引希望購買高品質商品,但仍具偏高價格敏感度的新興中產階級。而這也是日本零售業者之所以紛紛將PB商品由進口直接銷售,改為成本較低的現地製造販售的關鍵原因。目前在東南亞國家中亦可以見到不少採用「建置海外生產調達體系搭配自有品牌商品(PB)開發模式」的成功外資企業案例,顯見此類型以優質平價PB商品為特色、結合現地製造的快速反應模式,正在東南亞零售消費市場中快速發展,可做為我國中小企業輸出之參考基礎。
圖片來源:日本經濟新聞;無印良品年報
https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO33293220T20C18A7FFE000/
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