關於 right to autonomy human rights ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【在Twitter發文回應美國大選】

#回應美國大選呼籲來屆政府繼續關注香港

#直斥對話接觸政策以及尋求對話作用有限

To safeguard the city’s human rights and liberty, Hongkongers hope the new administration can continue standing with Hong Kong and safeguarding our democratic values because supporting Hong Kong against suppressions is not the matter of left or right, but a matter of right or wrong.

As many China observers reflect, engagement policy with China or dialogue may not be effective enough to hold China accountable over its human rights violations. Over the past three decades, China has shown no respect for liberal values, international order and also its promise of the city's autonomy and democracy.

Apart from what the new administration should do, it is clear that Hongkongers look forward to who the next Secretary of State will be, and how the national security council is formulated. Even under the same administration, the current Secretary Pompeo has placed more attention on Hong Kong than his predecessor Rex Tillerson.

We hope the new administration understands the situation has changed dramatically in recent years, and it is impossible to turn back the clock. America should take the lead on protecting values that all democracies cherish.

https://twitter.com/joshuawongcf/status/1325711261674270721

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Opinion｜The Police is duty-bound to enforce the law resolutely

HK Current

2020.10.06 11:05

By Athena Kung

According to the statement made by the US Department of State on 3rd of October 2020 (local time), the arrests made by the Hong Kong Police on 1st of October 2020 were criticized by the Department as malicious ones. It has been alleged by the US Department of State that the Hong Kong Police merely enforces the law for the aim of achieving political goals, which amounts to serious violation of Hong Kong's rule of law and thus strongly attack individual's human rights as well as Hong Kong people's freedom of expression, procession and assembly. The Central Government was commented by the US Department of State as being given up the undertaking of "One country, Two systems" completely. Obviously, such allegations against both the Central Government and HKSAR made by US Government were very serious. To examine whether such comments were fair ones, we have to carefully consider if the allegations really have any valid legal basis or foundation.

According to both the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance, Cap. 383, Laws of Hong Kong (hereinafter referred to as "the BORO“) and and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereinafter referred to as the "ICCPR "), the freedoms of expression, procession and assembly were not absolute, and might be subject to restrictions as prescribed by law. Article 16 and 17 of the BORO relates to the freedom of opinion and expression and right of peaceful assembly which can be enjoyed by Hong Kong people:
"Article 16
Freedom of opinion and expression
(1) Everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference.
(2) Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.
(3) The exercise of the rights provided for in paragraph (2) of this article carries with it special duties and responsibilities. It may therefore be subject to certain restrictions, but these shall only be such as are provided by law and are necessary—
(a) for respect of the rights or reputations of others; or
(b) for the protection of national security or of public order (ordre public), or of public health or morals.
[cf. ICCPR Art. 19]

Article 17
Right of peaceful assembly
The right of peaceful assembly shall be recognized. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those imposed in conformity with the law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, public order (ordre public), the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
[cf. ICCPR Art. 21]"

Thus, freedom of expression, procession and assembly in Hong Kong are not absolute. On the other hand, such rights are subject to restrictions as prescribed by law in the interests of public order, public safety and the interests of others, and so on.

Besides, Section 10(a) to (e) of the Police Force Ordinance, Cap 232, Laws of Hong Kong has clearly stated inter alia that:
"10. The duties of the police force shall be to take lawful measures for—
(a) preserving the public peace;
(b) preventing and detecting crimes and offences;
(c) preventing injury to life and property;
(d) apprehending all persons whom it is lawful to apprehend and for whose apprehension sufficient grounds exists;
(e) regulating processions and assemblies in public places or places of public resort;
…………"

What has really occurred in Hong Kong in various districts on 1st of October 2020?
(1) At around 1400 hours, a group of people gathered and yelled along Great George Street in Causeway Bay, which might have constituted offences related to unauthorised assemblies under the Public Order Ordinance, Cap 245, Laws of Hong Kong and offences related to prohibited group gatherings under the Prevention and Control of Disease (Prohibition on Group Gathering) Regulation, Cap 599G, Laws of Hong Kong. Even though the Police had given multiple warnings at the scene and raised the blue flag requesting participants to leave the scene, at around 1500 hours, a large group of protesters still remained at the same place. Some of them even commenced to chant the slogan “Liberate Hong Kong, Revolution of Our Times” over and over again. Thus, they were suspected of inciting or abetting others to commit acts of secession, which might constitute relevant offences under the HKSAR National Security Law. Afterwards, some protesters even spilled onto the road and breached public peace.

(2) At around 1500 hours, 2 men in the vicinity of Tin Ma Court in Wong Tai Sin hurled some petrol bombs and large objects at Lung Cheung Road. Having attended the scene, the police noticed that traces of the road being charred, as well as fences and traffic cones left on it. After investigation, the Police found that even though a large amount of vehicles were travelling along the road at the time of the incident, fortunately, no vehicle was hit by the petrol bombs and objects successfully. In any event, the rioters’ such heinous acts had severely endangered road users and breached public peace.

(3) The Police intercepted a man at Stewart Road in Wanchai at about 1600 hours and found him in possession of a foldable sharp knife which was at the same size of a business card. The 23-year-old man was subsequently arrested on suspicion of possession of an offensive weapon, as there stood a strong likelihood that he might intend to use the said item to injure members of the public or police officers.

(4) At around 1500 hours, the Police set up a roadblock along a section of the Tuen Mun Road near Summit Terrace in Tsuen Wan to intercept suspicious vehicles, and found extendable sticks, a helmet, face masks and a large amount of promotional leaflets inside a private car with an expired vehicle licence. Some of the leaflets contained slogans suspected of calling for “Hong Kong independence” written on them. The 35-year-old male driver of the car was arrested on suspicion of various offences including “Possession of Instrument Fit for Unlawful Purpose”, “Driving an Unlicenced Vehicle” and “Driving Without Third Party Insurance”.
(5) At around 1630 hours, the Police stopped and searched a man in the vicinity of Tonnochy Road and Lockhart Road in Causeway Bay, and found items including a cutter, a spanner, plastic straps and a pair of gloves in his backpack. The 20-year-old man was subsequently arrested on suspicion of possession of offensive weapons.
(6) After nightfall, protesters continued to gather in different districts. To ensure public safety, the Police have enforced the law resolutely according to the situations arising in different districts. At 2200 hours, not less than 86 persons have been arrested in multiple districts. Among them, 74 persons including four District Councillors were arrested on suspicion of taking part in unauthorised assemblies in Causeway Bay, while the rest were arrested on suspicion of committing offences including possession of offensive weapon, failing to produce proof of identity, possession of forged identity card, disorderly conduct in a public place and driving an unlicenced vehicle. Besides, 20 persons were given fixed penalty notices for suspectedly breaching the Prevention and Control of Disease (Prohibition on Group Gathering) Regulation.

Actually, the Police is duty-bound to enforce the law resolutely. On the facts, all arrests taken place on 1st of October 2020 were absolutely lawful and necessary to maintain law and order in the society and protect the life and property of all Hong Kong residents. Undoubtedly, the US officials have all along been adopting "double standards" in expressing utterly irresponsible remarks on law enforcement actions in the HKSAR. Everyone is equal before the law. So long as there is evidence supporting that someone has violated the law, no matter what his or her status or background is, he or she must face the legal consequence. Being a law enforcement agency, the Police must take action whenever they come across any unlawful acts in strict accordance with the laws in force. All cases must be handled in a fair, just and impartial manner by the Police in accordance with the law, which is the only and real reason as to why the Police arrested the 86 odd people on 1st of October 2020. To conclude, all criticizms made by the US towards the Hong Kong Police, HKSAR Government and Central Government were all unfair without any legal or concrete support at all.

It appears that the US government has always been refusing to accept the truth that the HKSAR is an inalienable part of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "the PRC") and a local administrative region which enjoys a high degree of autonomy, as contrary to absolute autonomy, and comes directly under the Central People's Government. Hong Kong affairs are internal matters of the PRC. The system in Hong Kong is not "Two countries, Two systems". Hong Kong will never be an independent country with a pro-American government formed by the Opposition Camp in Hong Kong. Any foreign governments like the US must at once stop scaremongering and interfering in any form in Hong Kong's affairs. The "Colour Revolution" promoted by the US in Hong Kong should be terminated in no time.

The author is Barrister-at-law.

The views don't necessarily reflect those of Orange News.

責編： CK Li

Has Hong Kong Returned? (Lee Yee)

Last week I mentioned a visit by a wise young man, who posed several questions surrounding the time since the anti-ELAB movement. I answered one question in “The Silent Revolution”, now let me get to the rest.

Question: Would you use the word “Return” to describe the 1997 transfer of sovereignty?

In my articles, I usually refer to that as “transfer of sovereignty” and not “return” for the change in Hong Kong in 1997.

A country has three essential components: land, people, and sovereignty. Before 1997, Hong Kong was not a country, it was a British colony; land and sovereignty belonged to Britain, but the people could neither settle nor work in Britain. They did not have the same rights as British citizens. If Hong Kong was holistically “returned” to China in 1997, then land, people, and sovereignty should have all been returned; but the Basic Law stipulated that land is owned by the country only in the name, and the actual management, use, lease, and grant of land are all managed by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, whose government takes income generated by the land, and therefore essentially owns the land. Moreover, the border delineating the lands of Hong Kong and China continues to exist after 1997, and entering and exiting form people on both sides would require identification. All this shows that the land has not been returned. As for the people, in these 23 years, China has always said that in Hong Kong, “people’s hearts have not returned”. The meaning of “people’s hearts have not returned” is that Hongkongers are still not accepting the fact that sovereignty is now controlled by China. China, on the other hand, also did not give Hongkongers any status as Chinese citizens including rights and duties. Therefore, while Hongkongers’ hearts have not returned, China has also not treated Hongkongers as Chinese people. The fact that the people have not returned is mutual.

Say, if two of the three elements of land, people, and sovereignty possessed by a political entity have not returned, then Hong Kong cannot be said to have returned. We can only call it “transfer of sovereignty”.

Western democracies believe in the notion that a country’s sovereignty rests with the people. In ancient China, the notion that “people are the foundation of the country, when the foundation is solid, the country is peaceful” and “the people at of the utmost importance, the state is secondary, and least is the ruler himself”. Both China and the world regarded the opinions and hearts of the people as the country’s priorities. Therefore the return of the heart of the people should be the most important element in a return; the people’s hearts have not returned, so it can only be a transfer of governance. As the ultimate crucial element of importance, the hearts still waver.

Question: Do you agree that Hong Kong independence is the only way out?

Not the “only”, but this is a proposition that can be discussed within the scope of freedom of speech. Over the years, I have been advocating that “Hongkongers have the freedom of speech to discuss Hong Kong’s independence or any way out.” I have written articles for over 60 years, and the most precious to me is freedom, especially freedom of speech. Historian Chen Yinke’s words on the tombstone of Wang Guowei have been my North Star for many years. The inscription reads: “A scholar learns and studies to break away from the shackles of the Conventional Truth, such that the Ultimate Truth can be carried forward. If there is no freedom of thought, one might as well be dead.” “Teacher’s writings may sometimes be incomprehensible; teacher’s teachings may sometimes be debatable; but the spirit of independence, the freedom of thoughts, is the most sacred of all and illuminates like the Three Lights.”

The Conventional Truth (Sammuti Sacca) is the law of secular change in the Buddhist scriptures, which is different from the fixed Ultimate Truth (Paramattha Sacca); the “Three Lights” refers to the sun, the moon, and the stars.

“If there is no freedom of thought, one might as well be dead” means that even living, one would be like the walking dead. Freedom of thought is rooted in the spirit of independence. What is freedom? Hu Shi said, “freedom is relative to external restraints. If you get freedom but not independence, you are still a slave. Independence does not mean blindly following, not to be deceived, not to rely on status, not to rely on others. This is the spirit of independence.” Independent, its antonym is not unification, but dependent.

Political independence, under the one-party dictatorship of the “one country” full governance, its chances of success is nil, but the chance of being gifted democracy under the one-party dictatorship is probably minus one. Regardless of the political model, we learned over these years that the highest common factor for a way out for Hong Kong is autonomy. If the word “independence” is too sensitive for China, how about “non-dependence” or “autonomy” as the biggest aspirations of Hongkongers.

To equate self-determination with independence is conceptual befuddlement. Independence is a goal, self-determination is only a right stipulated in human rights conventions. Self-determination can lead to a variety of outcome, why must it be independence and not an ultimate unification under “One Country, One System? How uncanny!

Thank you for watching this video.
Please subscribe to my channel.

Learn Japanese with Detroit: Become Human
#1 https://youtu.be/sjfC44lwiow
#2 https://youtu.be/5g4ox7Y-GM0
#3 https://youtu.be/o3rhlp5X6WY
#4 https://youtu.be/as2HYFm-ZP4
#5 https://youtu.be/swWGkVz0Myo

【PLAYLIST】
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...


Detroit: Become Human is the latest interactive narrative game from Quantic Dream, makers of Heavy Rain and Beyond: Two Souls.

Detroit: Become Human is an adventure game played from a third-person view,
which is subject to a set and controllable perspective.
There are multiple playable characters who can die as the story continues without them
as a result, there is no "game over" message following a character's death.
The right analogue stick on the DualShock controller is used to interact with objects and observe one's surroundings, the left is for movement, and R2 scans an environment for possible actions; the motion controls and touchpad are also employed. Via quick time events and dialogue decisions,
the story will branch out depending on which choices are made.
These can be viewed in a flowchart during and immediately after a given chapter;[16] the player can rewind to certain points in the story to reshape decisions in the event of regret.
Certain scenes feature countdowns, which force the player to think and act quickly.
Levels abound with magazines for players to read.

The playable characters are:
* Connor, a police investigator android tasked with hunting down androids that have deviated from their programmed behaviours.
*
* Kara, a housekeeper android who develops artificial consciousness and becomes responsible for a young girl's safety.
*
* Markus, a caretaker android who, after gaining consciousness, takes it upon himself to free others like him from bondage.
*
Obtaining clues by highlighting and analysing the environment with augmented vision allows Connor to reconstruct and replay events that occurred before.
The more information Connor collects within an allotted time,
the greater the chance of success in deciding a course of action.
Markus has the power to grant androids free will and calculate the outcomes of certain acts.

Caretaker android Markus and his owner return home and alert the police of a suspected burglary. In confronting the perpetrator, Markus bypasses his programming, thereby becoming a deviant android with full autonomy, leading the police to shoot him at arrival.
Markus awakes in a landfill of broken androids and, after escaping, discovers Jericho,
a wrecked ship and safe haven for deviants. There, Markus rallies the others to fight for their rights.
They perform several acts of civil disobedience, which catches the public's attention and gets more androids to join.
This culminates with the FBI attacking Jericho.
If he survives, Markus and the others set up a final march, resulting in either all of the deviants being killed or the president opening peace talks.
Police investigator android Connor is sent by the CyberLife corporation to assist Lieutenant Hank Anderson, an alcoholic who hates androids.
In the course of their investigation into an outbreak of deviants,
they either bond or fall apart,
potentially resulting in Hank committing suicide.
During his hunt for Markus' group, Connor starts to doubt himself, though he can stay firm in his beliefs.
He eventually locates Jericho,
where he can become a deviant himself.
If he defects, Connor infiltrates CyberLife Tower and converts everyone there into deviants. If not, he attempts to snipe Markus during the final protest, but is stopped by a SWAT team or Hank. In the end, if peace is achieved, Connor can choose whether or not to shoot Markus during a speech.
Kara, a housekeeper android for Todd Williams and his daughter Alice,escapes with her after he attacks them and leaves Kara a deviant.
The two travel across Detroit, intending to make it to Canada, which has no specific laws involving androids and where they will be safe. Kara and Alice befriend another android named Luther along the way, who joins them on their journey.
They seek the aid of an android sympathiser, who points them to Jericho to obtain passports.
They get caught up in the attack there, which may result in Luther, Kara, and Alice's deaths. Kara also learns that Alice is in fact an android, replacing the daughter taken away by Todd's wife.
They can make it to Canada by bus or boat, survive a recycling centre, or in either case die trying.

Thank you for watching this video.
Please subscribe to my channel.

Learn Japanese with Detroit: Become Human
#1 https://youtu.be/sjfC44lwiow
#2 https://youtu.be/5g4ox7Y-GM0
#3 https://youtu.be/o3rhlp5X6WY
#4 https://youtu.be/as2HYFm-ZP4
#5 https://youtu.be/swWGkVz0Myo

【PLAYLIST】
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...


Detroit: Become Human is the latest interactive narrative game from Quantic Dream, makers of Heavy Rain and Beyond: Two Souls.

Detroit: Become Human is an adventure game played from a third-person view,
which is subject to a set and controllable perspective.
There are multiple playable characters who can die as the story continues without them
as a result, there is no "game over" message following a character's death.
The right analogue stick on the DualShock controller is used to interact with objects and observe one's surroundings, the left is for movement, and R2 scans an environment for possible actions; the motion controls and touchpad are also employed. Via quick time events and dialogue decisions,
the story will branch out depending on which choices are made.
These can be viewed in a flowchart during and immediately after a given chapter;[16] the player can rewind to certain points in the story to reshape decisions in the event of regret.
Certain scenes feature countdowns, which force the player to think and act quickly.
Levels abound with magazines for players to read.

The playable characters are:
* Connor, a police investigator android tasked with hunting down androids that have deviated from their programmed behaviours.
*
* Kara, a housekeeper android who develops artificial consciousness and becomes responsible for a young girl's safety.
*
* Markus, a caretaker android who, after gaining consciousness, takes it upon himself to free others like him from bondage.
*
Obtaining clues by highlighting and analysing the environment with augmented vision allows Connor to reconstruct and replay events that occurred before.
The more information Connor collects within an allotted time,
the greater the chance of success in deciding a course of action.
Markus has the power to grant androids free will and calculate the outcomes of certain acts.

Caretaker android Markus and his owner return home and alert the police of a suspected burglary. In confronting the perpetrator, Markus bypasses his programming, thereby becoming a deviant android with full autonomy, leading the police to shoot him at arrival.
Markus awakes in a landfill of broken androids and, after escaping, discovers Jericho,
a wrecked ship and safe haven for deviants. There, Markus rallies the others to fight for their rights.
They perform several acts of civil disobedience, which catches the public's attention and gets more androids to join.
This culminates with the FBI attacking Jericho.
If he survives, Markus and the others set up a final march, resulting in either all of the deviants being killed or the president opening peace talks.
Police investigator android Connor is sent by the CyberLife corporation to assist Lieutenant Hank Anderson, an alcoholic who hates androids.
In the course of their investigation into an outbreak of deviants,
they either bond or fall apart,
potentially resulting in Hank committing suicide.
During his hunt for Markus' group, Connor starts to doubt himself, though he can stay firm in his beliefs.
He eventually locates Jericho,
where he can become a deviant himself.
If he defects, Connor infiltrates CyberLife Tower and converts everyone there into deviants. If not, he attempts to snipe Markus during the final protest, but is stopped by a SWAT team or Hank. In the end, if peace is achieved, Connor can choose whether or not to shoot Markus during a speech.
Kara, a housekeeper android for Todd Williams and his daughter Alice,escapes with her after he attacks them and leaves Kara a deviant.
The two travel across Detroit, intending to make it to Canada, which has no specific laws involving androids and where they will be safe. Kara and Alice befriend another android named Luther along the way, who joins them on their journey.
They seek the aid of an android sympathiser, who points them to Jericho to obtain passports.
They get caught up in the attack there, which may result in Luther, Kara, and Alice's deaths. Kara also learns that Alice is in fact an android, replacing the daughter taken away by Todd's wife.
They can make it to Canada by bus or boat, survive a recycling centre, or in either case die trying.

Thank you for watching this video.
Please subscribe to my channel.

Learn Japanese with Detroit: Become Human
#1 https://youtu.be/sjfC44lwiow
#2 https://youtu.be/5g4ox7Y-GM0
#3 https://youtu.be/o3rhlp5X6WY
#4 https://youtu.be/as2HYFm-ZP4
#5 https://youtu.be/swWGkVz0Myo

【PLAYLIST】
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...


Detroit: Become Human is the latest interactive narrative game from Quantic Dream, makers of Heavy Rain and Beyond: Two Souls.

Detroit: Become Human is an adventure game played from a third-person view,
which is subject to a set and controllable perspective.
There are multiple playable characters who can die as the story continues without them
as a result, there is no "game over" message following a character's death.
The right analogue stick on the DualShock controller is used to interact with objects and observe one's surroundings, the left is for movement, and R2 scans an environment for possible actions; the motion controls and touchpad are also employed. Via quick time events and dialogue decisions,
the story will branch out depending on which choices are made.
These can be viewed in a flowchart during and immediately after a given chapter;[16] the player can rewind to certain points in the story to reshape decisions in the event of regret.
Certain scenes feature countdowns, which force the player to think and act quickly.
Levels abound with magazines for players to read.

The playable characters are:
* Connor, a police investigator android tasked with hunting down androids that have deviated from their programmed behaviours.
*
* Kara, a housekeeper android who develops artificial consciousness and becomes responsible for a young girl's safety.
*
* Markus, a caretaker android who, after gaining consciousness, takes it upon himself to free others like him from bondage.
*
Obtaining clues by highlighting and analysing the environment with augmented vision allows Connor to reconstruct and replay events that occurred before.
The more information Connor collects within an allotted time,
the greater the chance of success in deciding a course of action.
Markus has the power to grant androids free will and calculate the outcomes of certain acts.

Caretaker android Markus and his owner return home and alert the police of a suspected burglary. In confronting the perpetrator, Markus bypasses his programming, thereby becoming a deviant android with full autonomy, leading the police to shoot him at arrival.
Markus awakes in a landfill of broken androids and, after escaping, discovers Jericho,
a wrecked ship and safe haven for deviants. There, Markus rallies the others to fight for their rights.
They perform several acts of civil disobedience, which catches the public's attention and gets more androids to join.
This culminates with the FBI attacking Jericho.
If he survives, Markus and the others set up a final march, resulting in either all of the deviants being killed or the president opening peace talks.
Police investigator android Connor is sent by the CyberLife corporation to assist Lieutenant Hank Anderson, an alcoholic who hates androids.
In the course of their investigation into an outbreak of deviants,
they either bond or fall apart,
potentially resulting in Hank committing suicide.
During his hunt for Markus' group, Connor starts to doubt himself, though he can stay firm in his beliefs.
He eventually locates Jericho,
where he can become a deviant himself.
If he defects, Connor infiltrates CyberLife Tower and converts everyone there into deviants. If not, he attempts to snipe Markus during the final protest, but is stopped by a SWAT team or Hank. In the end, if peace is achieved, Connor can choose whether or not to shoot Markus during a speech.
Kara, a housekeeper android for Todd Williams and his daughter Alice,escapes with her after he attacks them and leaves Kara a deviant.
The two travel across Detroit, intending to make it to Canada, which has no specific laws involving androids and where they will be safe. Kara and Alice befriend another android named Luther along the way, who joins them on their journey.
They seek the aid of an android sympathiser, who points them to Jericho to obtain passports.
They get caught up in the attack there, which may result in Luther, Kara, and Alice's deaths. Kara also learns that Alice is in fact an android, replacing the daughter taken away by Todd's wife.
They can make it to Canada by bus or boat, survive a recycling centre, or in either case die trying.