【渾水一片:還原香港海界爭議發展史】 (上篇) #都市化洋謀 #9月專研
過往在香港討論有關海洋邊界爭議,往往是香港以南的南海主權問題。事實上近年的焚船污染、明日大嶼、12人越洋、走私不斷等當下議題,都與海洋空間規劃、定界及海權問題有關,而香港早年殖民期的海界及海權作為各種海洋亂象之源,卻少有人深入探討。
翻查一系列關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案,整理過往殖民地時期有關香港「含糊」水域爭議的發展史,揭示牽涉複雜的海洋邊界政治,除了作為當時中英政治角力的前緣,亦有助我們了解現時香港水域範圍的歷史脈絡及源起。
一條海界 兩個表述
殖民地時期早年,香港的水域範圍一直未有公開確實的版本,亦引伸出有兩種不同的界線表述。
於20世紀初,根據《展拓香港界址專條》的香港地圖顯示,香港水域呈「方型」界線(square boundary )。根據一份關於新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories),當時中方海關經常巡邏於以大嶼山以西大澳水域一帶(方型界線以外),似乎更視其為中方水域。然而,早在1901年英方已有向港督提及,按照國際上的海洋慣例,一般領海 (normal territorial waters)寬度應為3海里 (three nautical miles),因而,香港領海界線應呈現為「彎曲型」(sinuous),比起「方形」範圍雖然多了大嶼山以西水域,同時卻損失了東南方一大片水域,作為最早期的香港水域範圍的兩個表述。
後續1911年修訂《釋義條例》(Interpretation Ordinance) 時,由於港督的錯誤公告字眼(wording of an incorrect Proclamation),令到香港水域繼續被闡釋為方型。
而這個錯誤的公告去到1950年被修訂。英方於1950年重新檢視與領海相關的條例,表示若沿用1937年英方對於《釋義條例》的闡釋,地圖所顯示的「方形」界線,只是英方租用中方領土的一條分界線(merely a line of delimitation of the area within which all territory was leased) ,並不是租用香港3海里以外的水域範圍(this did not mean that there was a purported lease of any waters outside normal territorial waters),可見,內部確立「彎曲型」的領海範圍。
參考一份1950年關於香港水域的英國解密檔案 (1950 CO 537 6036 Territorial water) 中的英方外交部內閣大臣Jim Griffiths跟港督的電報來往中顯示,因當時中日關係惡劣,為了保持當時英方中立 (neutral) 的立場。英方亦想盡量避免中日雙方於香港水域範圍發生衝突 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019),早於1937年至1939年,英方曾經指示香港水域要跟隨國際慣例,將領海寬度收窄至3海里。無獨有偶,1950年修訂《釋義條例》,已有英方法律意見表示當時擔心如果國、共兩軍在新海界(彎曲型)及舊海界(方型)之間的位置發生衝突,將會造成英方外交上尷尬,要盡快修例避免尷尬事件。可見,英方變動水域邊界時明顯有其政治考量。
即使已修例,1952年當時國際法庭 (International Court of Justice) 有關英挪漁業案(Anglo Norwegian Fisheries case)的判決 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019),提及使用哪種基線方式來劃定領海的爭議,促使香港律政司重提「方型」領海是否合法地代表香港水域,但建議被英方否決。其後在1958年,即使英國外交部再次表示「方型」範圍只是表示港英領土的一條分界線 (all land within the line thus shown is Hong Kong territory),但同時亦保留方型界線,聲稱為免影響航空航線。
早年香港水域邊界一直未被確實,即使在法律層面上,英方內部確立「彎曲型」領海範圍的合法性。然而,其後英方一直未有公開與中國共產黨政權講述其水域範圍,或擔心會侵犯中國領海主權。可見,香港水域一直受到變動中的海緣政治影響,經常遊走在當時國際上認可海洋慣例(彎曲型)與中英簽訂的《展拓香港界址專條》(方型)之間。
中方圍堵香港水域的預言?
水域範圍、基線劃定的方法及國際航海權一直是國際外交上一個十分敏感的議題。香港作為英國殖民地,卻緊貼住中國的領海範圍,除了香港水域定界,船隻來往香港的航道亦一直是英方十分頭痛的問題,稍有不慎,就會有被冠上侵犯中國海權的「辱華」罪名。
中方於1958年第一次聯合國海洋法公約(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea),已經單方面將其領海範圍擴展至12海哩,英國宗主國當時內部表明會反對中方單方面的領海宣稱,擔心會發生圍堵香港水域的情況。
根據新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories)中的電報來往,當時港英內部評估,認為中方擴展領海將對香港造成「海陸空」影響,除了會收窄飛機的航道、需要重新佈線電纜和無線電纜、亦會限制海軍的演練空間,大大影響香港的船隻來往,來往公海的航道走廊更會收窄到1海里(corridor of international waters could be reduced to about one mile),形容「接近完全圍封香港」 (almost completely envelope Hong Kong)。
隨著國際共識的改變,在1972年第三次聯合國海洋法會議前夕,英方亦打算將國土領海範圍的3海里擴展至12海里。翻查另一份1972年關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案 (1972 FCO 21 1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong),當時英方內部考慮這次擴展海界,應否包括香港殖民地,並計劃在香港附近水域進行海道測量 (Hydrographic survey),明顯想放風測試中方反應。
然而,根據英國外交部及港英的內部電報來往,英方雖然一度打算在翌年與中方在第三次聯合國海洋法會議上提及香港殖民地水域擴展,但英方內部亦指出中方定會反對香港的水域擴展至12海里,除了因為香港擴展會跟中國水域重疊,中國亦一直視香港為固有領土,不可視香港為獨立的行政個體 (separate entity),應該維持現狀,限制今次香港擴海界。
呼應早期50年代有關中方圍堵香港水域的擔憂,英方擔心如果掀起討論,更有可能令香港航道問題惡化 (a risk that any such discussion would vitiate the present adequate though limited freedom of passage)。按英國外交部理解,中方只不過默許船隻在不進入擔桿列島5海哩範圍的前提下進入香港;如果中國「執正嚟做」嚴格實踐其12海里的主權宣稱,則連博寮海峽都不能通行 (a 12 mile limit strictly adhered to in this area would make normal surface access to Hong Kong through the Lemma Channel impossible)。最後,英方外交部為免觸動到中方神經,加上「信唔過」中方 (their good will… cannot be relied on a year ahead),建議的對策卻是避免「打草驚蛇」(let sleeping dogs lie),絕口不提香港擴海界。
直到1987年,英國正式將水域擴展到12海哩,但香港並沒有納入被擴展的範圍。在香港前途談判過程中,亦未有正式提及香港水域擴展12海里一事(Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)。可見,面對中方進取的領海主權宣稱,英方在香港水域邊界問題上,尤其顯得無力。
香港「渾水」邊界的潛規則
面對中國擴海界後將會圍堵香港的擔憂,根據一份有關香港水域及其爭議的英國解密檔案(1968 FCO 21 547 Dispute with China about territorial waters),當中牽涉中英雙方就香港海界爭議鮮為人知的權宜之計(modus vivendi)。
事緣1968年一艘美國貨船於萬山群島近珠江口一帶(Lema Channel in the estuary of the Pearl River)被中方海軍的警告已入侵中方水域,檔案中有一份美國國務院情報與研究局官員Thoms L. Hughes事後對中國共產黨於香港鄰近水域的主權宣稱(Communist assertions of sovereignty over waters in the vicinity of Hong Kong)進行一份內部評估報告,提到中方不時會「放生」來往香港的商船。
於50年代初,船隻可以經萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港水域,可謂當時的潛規則(local ground rule)。然而,在中方宣稱12海里領海後,於1959年曾發出達20次警告,外國商船透過萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港期間入侵中方水域,並禁止一切外國船隻通往萬山群島近珠江口一帶,評估報告中亦提及多次美國商船及軍艦通往香港遇上中國海軍的事件。
然而,中方不但少有採取實際軍事行動,多是「口頭」表示抗議及警告外國船隻侵犯中國水域,更沒有對外公開批評數次入侵事件。就以上例子,美方評估中國當時並不是新的「強硬路線」宣示領海主權(new harder line from Peking),只是由於過多船隻進入萬山群島內沿而作出的回應(is a reaction to an increasing number of passages through the interior Lema Channel)[萬山群島內沿被中國視為內海]。
而當時美方估計中方「放生」的動機,很可能取決於政經考量,其一為不想失去香港作為(kill the goose)來往外國商船主要來往中國的航道,以及香港為中國帶來的外匯,而另一原因則是避免發生中國海軍與美國軍艦於海上起衝突。
此外,除了英方一直未有公佈香港水域邊界,中方一直並未有公開宣稱香港以西南的珠江通道12海里的精準劃界(public silence regarding the exact limits of its claim)。中英雙方基於政治考量,對於香港水域劃界及航道,更被美方稱靈活的實用主義(flexible pragmatism)。
而美方認為英方亦知悉船隻來往香港的「後路」,根據一份英方未被公開的非正式文件( informal note)顯示,除了船隻背後的註冊國家將成為影響進入香港的政治因素,英方更提及最合適的接近香港水域的航道,是經萬山群島以南以及擔桿頭島五海里以外(keep to the south of the Lima Group and five miles or more off Tam kan Head),港英政府早於五十年代,已廣傳這份文件到商船公司及中方,有共識地默許外國船隻經香港東南方水域,作為當時來往香港的「後路」。
可見,比起香港陸上的邊界,早期香港水域由定界、擴界到圍堵,可謂「渾水一片」。而當中牽涉複雜的海緣政治,亦顯示香港水域並非一條確確實實的邊界範圍,反而是中英雙方的妥協空間。而後來香港水域邊界將如何落實為現時版本?當中牽涉多少談判?而所引伸的一系列有關領海執法權以至政府管轄權的問題,將揭示香港水域日後跨境執法以至逃犯移交的爭議。(下集待續)
參考資料
Jørgensen, N. H. B. (2019). The (Unequal) Relationship between Hong Kong’s Waters and China’s Baselines. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy, 4(1), 1–27.
1950 CO 537/6036 Territorial water
1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories
1968 FCO 21/547 Dispute with China about territorial waters
1972 FCO 21/1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong
1974 FCO 18/154 Hong Kong territorial waters
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[翻轉視界12] 外籍移工的悲歌
你能想像一周七天每天工作17個小時以上嗎?
音檔: https://www.instagram.com/p/CH85KwdF3GJ/
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Can you imagine working over 17 hours a day, seven days a week? Thousands of foreign domestic workers in Taiwan do it every day, with some being on call 24 hours a day and performing household chores that are not a part of their jobs.
1. foreign domestic worker 外籍家庭傭工
2. on call 24 hours a day 一天24小時待命
3. perform household chores 做家務事
你能想像一周七天每天工作17個小時以上嗎?台灣每天都有成千上萬的外籍家庭傭工如此,其中一些人每天24小時待命,並且要做不屬於他們工作範圍的家務活。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Foreign domestic workers in Taiwan do not have a weekly mandatory rest day, despite this being a global standard already enforced in Hong Kong and Singapore. According to statistics by the Ministry of Labor (MOL), 34.7 percent of foreign domestic workers did not receive any days off last year.
4. a mandatory rest day 法定休假日
5. day off 休息日
6. the Ministry of Labor 勞動部
台灣的外籍家庭傭工沒有每週的法定休假日,儘管在香港和新加坡已經實施的這項全球標準。根據勞動部(MOL)的統計,去年有34.7%的外籍家庭傭工沒有獲得任何休假日。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The record is a strike against Taiwan’s achievements in human rights and freedoms for its own citizens, especially stark after the internationally-lauded legalization of same-sex marriage in May, 2019. Compounding the lack of rest days are the long work hours — an average of 17.72 hours a day, according to a separate study commissioned in 2012 by the Executive Yuan’s Research, Development and Evaluation Commission (now part of the National Development Council).
7. a strike against… 對…的打擊、重創
8. human rights and freedoms 人權和自由*
9. internationally-lauded (adj.) 獲國際讚譽的
10. the legalization of same-sex marriage 同性婚姻合法化
11. compound (v.) 使加重,使加劇,使惡化
該記錄是對台灣為自己的公民在人權和自由方面所取得的成就的重擊,特別是在2019年5月國際上稱讚的同性婚姻合法化之後。根據行政院研究,發展和評估委員會(現為國家發展委員會的一部分)在2012年委託進行的另一項研究,外籍移工平均每日工作時數為17.72小時,冗長的工作時數加劇了休息時間的缺乏。
*freedom: https://bit.ly/3nvyjhM
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The lack of rest and even basic privacy can cause mental and emotional strain to workers — effects that have already been reported to the government. A 2013 Control Yuan investigation into human rights issues faced by foreign domestic workers found that the lack of regular days off caused workers to fall into states of anxiety and stress in the long-term, and recommended that employers build “breathing time” for workers into their contracts.
12. basic privacy 基本隱私
13. mental and emotional strain 精神和情感壓力
14. Control Yuan 監察院
15. fall into states of anxiety and stress 陷入焦慮和壓力狀態
監察院
缺乏休息甚至基本隱私都會給工人帶來精神和情感壓力,這種影響已經被通報給政府。 2013年,行政院對外國家庭傭工所面臨的人權問題進行的調查發現,長期缺乏定期休假會導致工人陷入焦慮和壓力狀態,並建議雇主為工人在合同裡建立「透氣時間」。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
On average, foreign domestic workers earn a total monthly salary with overtime amounting to NT$19,927, according to the MOL. In contrast, the average monthly salary for a Taiwanese domestic helper or caretaker in the Taipei area ranges from NT$45,000 to NT$75,000, according to the China Long-term Care Association (中華長照協會).
16. monthly salary 月薪
17. overtime (n.) 加班費*
18. amount (v.) to 達到、總計
19. caretaker 看護人員
根據勞工部的數據,平均來說,外籍家庭傭工的月工資總額為新台幣19,927元。相比之下,根據中華長期照護協會的統計,台北地區的台籍家庭傭工或看護人員的平均月薪在45,000至75,000新台幣之間。
*overtime: https://bit.ly/36MbH60
★★★★★★★★★★★★
About 38 percent of foreign domestic workers in Taiwan have been verbally or physically abused by employers or household members, while less than half seek help, a survey conducted by the Garden of Hope Foundation found.
20. be verbally or physically abused 受到口頭或身體虐待
21. seek help 尋求幫助
希望花園基金會進行的一項調查發現,台灣大約38%的外籍家庭傭工受到雇主或家庭成員的口頭或身體虐待,而不到一半的人尋求幫助。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
About 250,000 migrants work in Taiwanese households, more than 240,000 as caregivers and 1,800 as maids. As shown by 35 percent of respondents, most victims do not seek help after being exploited, physically attacked or even sexually assaulted because they fear losing their job.
22. migrant 移民、移工*
23. caregiver 看護員
24. maid 女傭
25. respondent 受訪者
26. be exploited 被剝削
27. be physically attacked 被人身攻擊
28. be sexually assaulted 被性侵
29. lose one’s job 失去工作
約有25萬移工在台灣家戶裡工作,其中24萬為看護員,1,800為女傭。正如35%的受訪者所表明的,大多數受害者在遭受剝削、人身攻擊甚至性侵後都不會尋求幫助,因為他們擔心失去工作。
*emigration, immigration, migration 的區別: https://bit.ly/36YcP6v
★★★★★★★★★★★★
We need to provide better conditions and treatment for those who come thousands of miles to care for our elderly and the sick. It is the least we can do to thank them for their help.
30. provide better treatment 提供更好的待遇
31. the elderly and the sick 老人和病人
32. the least we can do 我們至少能做到
我們需要為來千里而來照顧我們老人和病人的外籍看護提供更好的條件和待遇。這至少是我們為感謝他們的幫助所該做的。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
資料來源:
https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=2281
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2019/12/25/2003728138
http://taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/11/23/2003726340
https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2015/02/17/2003611746
https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah-53039490
延伸閱讀:
Why the case of a maid who battled a millionaire has gripped Singapore: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-54174598
Domestic slavery, Maid in Taiwan: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2015/02/17/2003611746
★★★★★★★★★★★★
翻轉視界: https://bit.ly/3fPvKUs
miles and more hong kong 在 Josh the Intern Youtube 的最佳解答
I walked 100,000 steps in 24 hours and it was the hardest physically and mental challenge I have ever done!
I explored Macau on my 100,000 steps challenge, using my Garmin watch to record my steps. It works similarly to a fitbit, recording the amount of steps you do while walking.
I wanted to do this extreme adventure challenge to test my limits and see if I could walk 100,000 steps in a day.
As a challenge itself, it was very difficult but what made it harder was the fact that I filmed it all solo. I used my camera and tripod, carrying all my gear on my back for the 24 hour hiking challenge.
There were extreme highs and lows in this crazy travel experience however finishing it at 22 hours of walking was the most rewarding feeling in the world.
The distance of 100,000 steps is around 50 miles or 80km and I had never done anything close to that distance.
Many ultra marathons are 50 miles but I was only walking not running so it was not as bad as that! (perhaps next time I can try!)
I walked around Macau, exploring off the beaten path and discovering hidden gems all around the place. With this many steps to do I really could walk down every alleyway and street in Macau, exploring all the areas I had never travelled to before.
Macau is a great city for a challenge like this as I could explore so many different urban and natural environments, walking and hiking at the scenic Penha Hills for sunrise. When hiking off trail I even found 2 abandoned buildings that were awesome fun to explore.
I also walked past Ama Temple, the oldest temple in Macau at over 500 years old. The whole area around this Chinese temple is full of interesting history and a wonderful travel destination for things to do in Macau.
I walked down the red street, Senado Square, Hong Kung Temple and went to a secret travel destination called Sun Yat Sen Park. This park found on the border of Zhuhai offers great nature spots and very beautiful walks through greenery. It is certainly a hidden gem of Macau and worth travelling to or visiting when in Macau whether you live in Macau or are visiting on a Macau day trip from Hong Kong or China.
I then walked to Kun Iam Temple, exploring the ancient garden, off the beaten path and far from the crowds there are so many things to discover here it really makes for a great outdoor hiking adventure!
I walked over the Macau bridge to Taipa, exploring Old Taipa Village and then going back to the Grand Lisboa Hotel. Here back in Macau side you can find photogenic neon lit streets perfect for urban exploring or night photography.
Overall walking 100,000 steps in 1 day was an awesome adventure and a crazy travel challenge. Thank you to Garmin for recording all my steps!
I really hope you enjoyed this adventure video in Macau and if you would like to see more adventure vlogs like this one or more travel content in Macau, please let me know!
Thank you so much for watching this adventure challenge and I will see you in the next video!
#Garmin #adventure #challenge
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miles and more hong kong 在 JeffHK Youtube 的最讚貼文
Tag along as we journey through Suez Canal into Mediterranean Sea.
The ship is on a 77 days voyage from Asia to East Coast United States in which we've taken the Suez Canal route. By using Suez Canal instead of around cape of Africa, this will save more than 5000 miles of fuel and time.
Support my photo/videography by buying through my affiliate links!
Best Value Fullframe for timelapse https://amzn.to/2MYk2vX
Fisheye lens used in 30 days timelapse https://amzn.to/30uE4Aw
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Good Entry Tripod https://amzn.to/2ZWp8e7
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The time-lapse was taken over 16 hours.
Check out my other vlogs:
=====8 Hours in Kaohsiung, Taiwan=====
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQLDjNdDDms
=====Beautiful Hong Kong 4K Timelapse:=====
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8cNY0GcVxA
=====Tour of the Containership=====
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2RfyGcRVcI
=====AMAZING STARRY NIGHT TIMELAPSE =====
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNjEZKDrcDY
Music:
Bensound -Acoustic Breeze
Fan made Kygo style - Piano Jam 4
miles and more hong kong 在 Smart Travel Youtube 的最讚貼文
請用片右下角調HD1080高清睇片。
(文:香港科學館)
展期: 2013年11月8日 (星期五) -- 2014年4月9日 (星期三)
地點: 香港科學館地下展覽廳
票價: $20/$14#/$10*
觀眾如同時參觀常設展覽廳,可以優惠價$40/$28#/$20*元購買套票
香港賽馬會呈獻系列 :「巨龍傳奇」展覽
恐龍於二億年前開始出現,繼而雄霸地球。在地球的漫長歲月中,盤古大陸因地殼板塊運動而分裂,形成具有不同氣候和環境的大陸,恐龍為了適應不同的環境,繁衍出形態各異的品種,並成為史上最強的動物一族。可惜由於氣候和環境的轉變,恐龍最終仍難逃滅絕的命運,在6,500萬年前完全絕跡於地球上。幸好,在古生物學家努力不懈下,已經找尋到不少恐龍及古生物化石,讓我們今天得以重塑牠們的生存點滴。恐龍化石遍佈各大洲,目前全世界已命名的恐龍多達一千多種。近年,中國在發掘和研究恐龍化石方面更取得令人鼓舞的成就,成為世界上出土恐龍化石最多的國家之一。
香港科學館曾多次舉辦恐龍展覽,每次均廣受市民歡迎,即將推出的「巨龍傳奇」展覽更是香港歷來規模最大的恐龍展。這次展覽由香港賽馬會慈善信託基金獨家贊助,展覽將透過嶄新的演譯方法,介紹世界上最大的泰坦巨龍類和有關恐龍的最新科研成果。展覽廳總面積達2,500平方米,分為四大展區,各有不同的主題和特色。
多媒體劇場: 利用大型電腦動畫,帶領觀眾穿越時空返回恐龍時代。
機械動樂園: 透過「為食恐龍」機械恐龍展**,讓觀眾全面認識恐龍的飲食習性。
化石發掘場: 展示恐龍的埋藏狀態,並讓觀眾了解發掘和修復工作的艱辛。
化石展示區: 展出來自十間博物館超過一百件珍貴化石標本和展品,配合運用
新科技設計的互動遊戲,介紹恐龍的最新發現。
要一次過欣賞長達30米、全亞洲最大的恐龍之一炳靈大夏巨龍,栩栩如生的鳥類祖先顧氏小盜龍,奇形怪趣的恐龍蛋,以及小朋友最喜愛的三角龍、暴龍和劍龍嗎?還有最新發現、可能是世界上最大的恐龍 -- 巨型汝陽龍的巨大椎骨化石?那就不要錯過「巨龍傳奇」展覽。參觀時別忘記下載特別為展覽設計的應用程式和携帶你的智能手機或平板電腦,以獲得更多樂趣和資訊。
Throughout the extended history of the Earth, there comes a time when dinosaurs first appeared about 200 million years ago and become the ultimate rulers of the planet for 130 million years. Over long periods of time, the ancient landmass Pangaea split into different continents as a result of plate tectonic movements. Dinosaurs evolved into a whole family of different species in order to adapt to the changing environment, but they ultimately could not escape from extinction and all disappeared about 65 million years ago. Thanks to the efforts of paleontologists, today we can have a glimpse of how dinosaurs survived and reigned from the large number of fossils unearthed. Dinosaur fossils can be found on all continents and more than 1,000 species have been named. Today, China has become one of the countries where most dinosaur species are discovered and many of them are unique.
The Hong Kong Science Museum had organised a number of dinosaur exhibitions and all were well received. The coming "Legends of the Giant Dinosaurs" exhibition would be the largest ever presented in Hong Kong. This exhibition is solely sponsored by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust. In this exhibition, new technologies and presentation methods will be used to introduce the largest Titanosaurus and the latest studies on dinosaurs. Occupying an area of 2,500 sq. metres, the exhibition is divided into four areas with different themes:
Multimedia Theatre: The large-scale computer animations in this area will bring visitors back to the age of dinosaurs.
Animatronic Dinosaur Zoo: The robotic dinosaurs and interactive exhibits featured in the "Dino Jaws" Exhibition** will allow visitors to learn about the eating behaviours of dinosaurs.
Fossil Excavation Site: Visitors will be able to appreciate the hard work of excavation and repairing of fossils through a reconstructed dinosaurs burial site.
Fossil Gallery: More than a hundred exotic fossils and exhibits from ten museums will be displayed in this area. Together with the interactive games developed with latest technologies, visitors can learn about the latest discoveries in dinosaurs.