"”But when you look at the aggregate effects of what happens to many, many galaxies, you find something else: your overall view of the Universe gets distorted. Wherever you have a large amount of mass in one location in space — a large-scale overdensity like a galaxy cluster, cosmic filament, or something even larger — it’s going to impart large peculiar velocities, including along the line-of-sight, to every mass that’s bound to it. With many observable objects all at the same distance, but with widely-varying redshifts, mapping out objects becomes challenging."
You've heard of Hubble's law: the law that the Universe is expanding, and that the speed at which we'd infer a distant galaxy to be receding from us is proportional to its distance away from us. That "speeding away" makes the light appear redshifted, and that's what we observe.
So, measure the redshift, learn the distance, and you can map out the whole Universe, right? Not quite; here's why that isn't the way to do it!”
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過7萬的網紅FriesBro,也在其Youtube影片中提到,哈囉 我是大薯 今天要介紹一位 從英雄聯盟S4鑽5 S6~S10菁英的玩家 他擁有兩個專精慨影菁英帳號 本尊S10單雙積分使用慨影135場勝率55% 是League of graphs北美慨影排行榜第8名 最近開小號大約一個禮拜時間從無牌打上了白金一 小號單雙積分慨影53場勝率85% 是Leagu...
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mass of a galaxy 在 多益達人 林立英文 Facebook 的最佳解答
When tracking the virus means tracking your citizens
Apple and Google on Friday unveiled ( ) a rare ( ) partnership to add technology to their smartphone platforms ( ) that will alert users if they have come into contact with a person with COVID-19. Apple’s iOS and Google’s Android — the operating systems used in iPhone and Samsung Galaxy devices, among others — are used by about 3 billion people around the globe.
Since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, some democracies ( ) around the world have used technology to avoid having to impose draconian ( ) mass quarantines ( ) that were common earlier this year in China. That’s reassuring — and it’s also worrying, because the very strategies that can help fight a plague can also be abused once it’s over.
Consider Taiwan, where an “electronic fence” allows local police to make regular phone calls to everyone who is home under quarantine; if the citizen doesn’t answer or the phone is out of power, police come to the home within 15 minutes. In South Korea, the government constantly updates a Web site that tracks the movements of people who have been infected, and issues alerts to the mobile phones of people in the geographic vicinity ( ) of an infected citizen. The Israeli government gained access to an archive ( ) of phone data to map the movements of infected people, then alerted those who had been in contact with them to self-isolate.
Invoking ( ) these powers is reasonable during a pandemic. Once the outbreak is over, however, this kind of power can and probably will be abused. What’s to stop a corrupt ( ) (or merely unscrupulous [ ]) leader from using such technologies to learn or even publicize the location of political opponents or dissidents ( )?
“This is a genuine emergency and that justifies ( ) a lot of things that would not normally be justified,” says Jay Stanley, a senior policy analyst at the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). “But we have to make sure that these temporary ( ) powers do not become permanent ( ) in a way that hurts everybody else.”
The good news is that the pandemic is not an endless war. Once there is a treatment or a vaccine ( ), there will be a clear end date to the state of emergency.
Stanley says it’s crucial to set up strict rules beforehand ( ). Any location data, for example, should only be used by public health authorities for public health purposes. The programs should be temporary and the data should be deleted after the crisis ( ) ends.
Along these lines, Freedom House released a set of principles on March 24 for protecting civil and human rights in the fight against COVID-19. It says any surveillance ( ) programs that use new technology to fight the spread of the disease should be “subject to ( ) independent oversight ( ), and ‘firewalled’ from other commercial and governmental uses such as law enforcement and enforcement of immigration policies.”
In the middle of a crisis, all of this might seem theoretical. The most essential tasks for democratic leaders are providing for the public’s safety and working to revive ( ) the economy. Yet it’s also important to remember that the state rarely relinquishes ( ) powers it amasses ( ) in a crisis.
After 9/11, the FBI was given broad new powers to demand data from private businesses. A dozen years later, both the ACLU and the Justice Department’s inspector general found that the use of that extraordinary power had become routine ( ) and unchecked. As Americans grapple ( ) with the current pandemic, they must be vigilant ( ) that their government not repeat the same mistake.
當監控病毒與監控人民劃上等號時
蘋果和谷歌兩大公司上週五破天荒宣布一項合作,將在他們的智慧手機平台新增技術,如果用戶接觸了武漢肺炎患者,便會發出警示。蘋果的iOS和Google的安卓(iPhone和三星Galaxy手機等使用的操作系統)在全球約有三十億人使用。
自冠狀病毒大流行爆發以來,世界各地一些民主國家已運用科技,以避免實施像中國今年年初所實施的那種嚴苛的大規模隔離。這令人寬心——卻也令人憂心,因為一旦疫情結束,這些可幫助打擊瘟疫的戰略也可能會被濫用。
以台灣為例,台灣採用「電子圍籬」技術,讓當地的警察可以定時打電話給每位居家隔離者。若電話沒人接或沒電,警察在十五分鐘內就會到他們家去。在南韓,政府有追蹤染疫者動向之網站,會不斷更新,並對染疫民眾附近的人發出手機警示。以色列政府可以調出電話數據檔案,以便將染疫者的活動在地圖上定位出來,然後提醒與其接觸的人進行自我隔離。
在疾病大流行期間訴諸這些權力是合理的。然而,疫情一旦結束,這種權力很可能會被濫用。怎樣阻止腐敗的(或只是不道德的)領導人使用此種技術來得知甚至公開政敵或異議人士的所在位置?
「美國公民自由聯盟」高級政策分析師傑伊‧史丹利說:「這是真正的緊急情況,它使許多通常是不合理的事有了正當性」。「但我們必須確保這些臨時權力不會變成傷害其他人的永久權力」。
好消息是,這場疾病大流行不會是一場無休止的戰爭。一旦有了治療方法或疫苗,緊急狀態就會有明確的結束日期。
史丹利表示,事先訂定嚴格的規範至關重要。例如,任何位址資訊僅應由公共衛生主管機關用於公共衛生目的。此應為臨時程序,這些資訊在危機結束後應予以刪除。
同理,人權組織「自由之家」在三月二十四日發布了一套原則,以便在對抗武漢肺炎期間保障公民權與人權。自由之家表示,任何使用新技術來對抗疾病傳播的監視程序都應「受到獨立監督,且不能作為其他商業及政府之用途,例如執法及移民政策之執行」。
在危機之中,這些似乎都是理論上的。民主國家之領導者最重要的任務是確保公眾安全,並努力振興經濟。但同樣重要的是要記住,國家很少放棄它在危機中所集聚的權力。
九一一恐怖攻擊發生後,美國聯邦調查局獲得了新的、廣泛的權力,可以要求私人企業提供資訊。十幾年後,美國公民自由聯盟和司法部總監察長都發現,這種非常時期權力的使用已成為常態,且沒有受到約束。美國人在與當前的病毒大流行奮力搏鬥之同時,也必須保持警覺,確保政府不會重蹈覆轍。
#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
#高中英文 #成人英文
#多益家教班 #商用英文
#國立大學外國語文學系講師
mass of a galaxy 在 中央研究院 Academia Sinica Facebook 的最讚貼文
我們得奧斯卡啦~~~~🏆
👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏
科學界知名的「突破獎基金會」(Breakthrough Prize)近日宣佈,2020 年度的「#基礎物理獎」頒發給「事件視界望遠鏡合作計畫」(The EHT Collaboration)的 347 位成員,其中有 53 位為本院天文所格陵蘭望遠鏡計畫現職或前任同事,比例超過 15 %。
評審團認為,#史上第一張黑洞影像 成就意義非凡,所有望遠鏡收到的訊號,須先藉由原子鐘精確計時以同步整合,進而形成相當於地球大小的一座虛擬望遠鏡,此時才有足夠的解析力看到黑洞。
後續還經過大量分析、特殊演算程式開發等新穎技術,最後才顯示出一圈亮環,標記著光在繞著黑洞旋轉的位置,亮環中的那塊暗黑,代表著即使是光也無法從中逃離的黑洞重力區,黑洞暗影,正與 #愛因斯坦廣義相對論 的預測完美相符。
⭐對物理學而言,這是很根本而重要的突破性成就。
本院賀曾樸院士表示:「中研院天文及天文物理研究所成立之初,即策略性挑選電波天文學以及干涉技術深入發展,目的在於取得極高解析力,過程困難,極具挑戰,獲得前沿科學重大成果的機會。
今天我們已看到了過去以為看不到的黑洞,這是臺灣在科學方面的大豐收。EHT計畫共有八座望遠鏡,臺灣和其中三座一直在合作,也就是次毫米波陣列望遠鏡、ALMA望遠鏡、及詹姆士克拉克麥斯威爾望遠鏡,臺灣還佈建了格陵蘭望遠鏡,並已取得下一個實驗計畫所需資料。」
#黑洞 #中研院
🌑相關消息:https://www.sinica.edu.tw/ch/news/6347
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🏆突破獎(Breakthrough Prize)🏆
「突破獎」有「科學界奧斯卡獎」之美譽,是2012年起頒發的科學獎項,獎勵在生命科學(每年最多4名)、數學(每年1名)和基礎物理學領域(每年1名)有傑出貢獻的世界頂尖科學家。每年得獎者是由前一屆突破獎得主組成的遴選委員決定。
突破獎由謝爾蓋·布林、普莉希拉·陳及馬克·祖克柏夫婦、馬化騰、尤里·米爾納及茱莉亞·米爾納夫婦、安妮·沃西基等贊助。
突破獎的獎座成環面形,由 Olafur Eliasson所設計的,設計概念為「這些很棒的點子哪裡來」,如同Eliasson大部分的作品,始終在探索藝術與科學之間的共通點,讓人聯想到黑洞、星系、貝殼和脫氧核糖核酸線圈的自然形態。
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🎯看到了!中研院參與國際計畫 發表史上首張黑洞影像
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9_NhzhVJUo
🎯2019院區開放暨黑洞主題特展:
https://openhouse.sinica.edu.tw/
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🥇 2020 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics Awarded to 347 Members of the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
https://breakthroughprize.org/News/54
Description:
Using eight sensitive radio telescopes strategically positioned around the world in Antarctica, Chile, Mexico, Hawaii, Arizona and Spain, a global collaboration of scientists at 60 institutions operating in 20 countries and regions captured an image of a black hole for the first time.
By synchronizing each telescope using a network of atomic clocks, the team created a virtual telescope as large as the Earth, with a resolving power never before achieved from the surface of our planet.
One of their first targets was the supermassive black hole at the center of the Messier 87 galaxy – its mass equivalent to 6.5 billion suns.
After painstakingly analyzing the data with novel algorithms and techniques, the team produced an image of this galactic monster, silhouetted against hot gas swirling around the black hole, that matched expectations from Einstein's theory of gravity: a bright ring marking the point where light orbits the black hole, surrounding a dark region where light cannot escape the black hole's gravitational pull.
#EHT #Blackhole #BreakthroughPrize #AS #AcademiaSinica #Taiwan #Research #Astronomy
mass of a galaxy 在 FriesBro Youtube 的最讚貼文
哈囉 我是大薯
今天要介紹一位
從英雄聯盟S4鑽5 S6~S10菁英的玩家
他擁有兩個專精慨影菁英帳號
本尊S10單雙積分使用慨影135場勝率55%
是League of graphs北美慨影排行榜第8名
最近開小號大約一個禮拜時間從無牌打上了白金一
小號單雙積分慨影53場勝率85%
是League of graphs北美慨影排行榜第2名
他的本尊帳號有55萬的專精分數
再加上其他目前我知道的4個帳號專精
總共大約115萬專精分數的
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#大薯
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mass of a galaxy 在 Shiney Youtube 的最佳解答
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Mass Effect Andromeda ไทย
The journey to Meridian
ทาง Nexus ไม่เห็นด้วยที่เราจะมุ่งสู่เมอริเดียนเพราะคิดว่าเป็นการสิ้นเปลืองเวลา และมีคำสั่งไม่ให้พวกเราไป แต่ในฐานะ Path Finder เรารู้ดีว่า Meridian เป็นหัวใจของการควบคุม Vault ในกาแลกซี่ Andromeda และสำคัญมาก หาก Archon ได้มันไป สิ่งมีชีวิตในกาแลกซี่นี้จะโดน Archon กวาดล้าง เราจึงมุ่งหน้าฝ่ากองทัพของเหล่า Kett และ Remnat Defender เพื่อที่จะได้ Meridian ก่อน Archon แม้ว่าจะเป็นเพียงกลุ่มเล็กๆไม่กี่คนก็ตาม
Mass Effect: Andromeda is an action role-playing video game developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows. It will be the fourth entry overall in the Mass Effect series and the first since Mass Effect 3. The game begins within the Milky Way Galaxy during the 22nd century, where humanity is planning to populate new home worlds in the Andromeda Galaxy as part of a strategy called the Andromeda Initiative. The player assumes the role of either Scott or Sara Ryder, an inexperienced military recruit who joins the Initiative and wakes up in Andromeda following a 600-year journey.
Mass Effect Andromeda takes place in the Andromeda Galaxy. The primary protagonist is a human called Ryder. Unlike Commander Shepard, Ryder has yet to achieve "hero status" prior to the start of the game, and will undergo a narrative arc more akin to the traditional hero's journey.
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mass of a galaxy 在 Astronomical observations of our Milky Way galaxy indicate ... 的推薦與評價
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Astronomical observations of our Milky Way galaxy indicate that it has a mass of about 8.0×10^11 solar masses. A star orbiting on the ... ... <看更多>
mass of a galaxy 在 Dynamical mass of a galaxy - Physics Stack Exchange 的推薦與評價
In the abstract, it is stated: Rotation curves are the basic tool for deriving the distribution of mass in spiral galaxies. Coming to answering ... ... <看更多>
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