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js replace switch with object 在 YouTube Player API Reference for iframe Embeds 的推薦與評價

The IFrame player API lets you embed a YouTube video player on your website and control the player using JavaScript.

Using the API's JavaScript functions, you can queue videos for playback; play, pause, or stop those videos; adjust the player volume; or retrieve information about the video being played. You can also add event listeners that will execute in response to certain player events, such as a player state change.

This guide explains how to use the IFrame API. It identifies the different types of events that the API can send and explains how to write event listeners to respond to those events. It also details the different JavaScript functions that you can call to control the video player as well as the player parameters you can use to further customize the player.

Requirements

The user's browser must support the HTML5 postMessage feature. Most modern browsers support postMessage.

Embedded players must have a viewport that is at least 200px by 200px. If the player displays controls, it must be large enough to fully display the controls without shrinking the viewport below the minimum size. We recommend 16:9 players be at least 480 pixels wide and 270 pixels tall.

Any web page that uses the IFrame API must also implement the following JavaScript function:

onYouTubeIframeAPIReady – The API will call this function when the page has finished downloading the JavaScript for the player API, which enables you to then use the API on your page. Thus, this function might create the player objects that you want to display when the page loads.

Getting started

The sample HTML page below creates an embedded player that will load a video, play it for six seconds, and then stop the playback. The numbered comments in the HTML are explained in the list below the example.

<!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
   <body>
     <!-- 1. The <iframe> (and video player) will replace this <div> tag. -->
     <div id="player"></div>    <script>
       // 2. This code loads the IFrame Player API code asynchronously.
       var tag = document.createElement('script');      tag.src = "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api";
       var firstScriptTag = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
       firstScriptTag.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, firstScriptTag);      // 3. This function creates an <iframe> (and YouTube player)
       //    after the API code downloads.
       var player;
       function onYouTubeIframeAPIReady() {
         player = new YT.Player('player', {
           height: '390',
           width: '640',
           videoId: 'M7lc1UVf-VE',
           playerVars: {
             'playsinline': 1
           },
           events: {
             'onReady': onPlayerReady,
             'onStateChange': onPlayerStateChange
           }
         });
       }      // 4. The API will call this function when the video player is ready.
       function onPlayerReady(event) {
         event.target.playVideo();
       }      // 5. The API calls this function when the player's state changes.
       //    The function indicates that when playing a video (state=1),
       //    the player should play for six seconds and then stop.
       var done = false;
       function onPlayerStateChange(event) {
         if (event.data == YT.PlayerState.PLAYING && !done) {
           setTimeout(stopVideo, 6000);
           done = true;
         }
       }
       function stopVideo() {
         player.stopVideo();
       }
     </script>
   </body>
 </html>

The following list provides more details about the sample above:

The <div> tag in this section identifies the location on the page where the IFrame API will place the video player. The constructor for the player object, which is described in the Loading a video player section, identifies the <div> tag by its id to ensure that the API places the <iframe> in the proper location. Specifically, the IFrame API will replace the <div> tag with the <iframe> tag.

As an alternative, you could also put the <iframe> element directly on the page. The Loading a video player section explains how to do so.

The code in this section loads the IFrame Player API JavaScript code. The example uses DOM modification to download the API code to ensure that the code is retrieved asynchronously. (The <script> tag's async attribute, which also enables asynchronous downloads, is not yet supported in all modern browsers as discussed in this Stack Overflow answer.

The onYouTubeIframeAPIReady function will execute as soon as the player API code downloads. This portion of the code defines a global variable, player, which refers to the video player you are embedding, and the function then constructs the video player object.

The onPlayerReady function will execute when the onReady event fires. In this example, the function indicates that when the video player is ready, it should begin to play.

The API will call the onPlayerStateChange function when the player's state changes, which may indicate that the player is playing, paused, finished, and so forth. The function indicates that when the player state is 1 (playing), the player should play for six seconds and then call the stopVideo function to stop the video.

Loading a video player

After the API's JavaScript code loads, the API will call the onYouTubeIframeAPIReady function, at which point you can construct a YT.Player object to insert a video player on your page. The HTML excerpt below shows the onYouTubeIframeAPIReady function from the example above:

var player;
 function onYouTubeIframeAPIReady() {
   player = new YT.Player('player', {
     height: '390',
     width: '640',
     videoId: 'M7lc1UVf-VE',
     playerVars: {
       'playsinline': 1
     },
     events: {
       'onReady': onPlayerReady,
       'onStateChange': onPlayerStateChange
     }
   });
 }

The constructor for the video player specifies the following parameters:

The first parameter specifies either the DOM element or the id of the HTML element where the API will insert the <iframe> tag containing the player.

The IFrame API will replace the specified element with the <iframe> element containing the player. This could affect the layout of your page if the element being replaced has a different display style than the inserted <iframe> element. By default, an <iframe> displays as an inline-block element.

The second parameter is an object that specifies player options. The object contains the following properties:

width (number) – The width of the video player. The default value is 640.
height (number) – The height of the video player. The default value is 390.
videoId (string) – The YouTube video ID that identifies the video that the player will load.
playerVars (object) – The object's properties identify player parameters that can be used to customize the player.
events (object) – The object's properties identify the events that the API fires and the functions (event listeners) that the API will call when those events occur. In the example, the constructor indicates that the onPlayerReady function will execute when the onReady event fires and that the onPlayerStateChange function will execute when the onStateChange event fires.

As mentioned in the Getting started section, instead of writing an empty <div> element on your page, which the player API's JavaScript code will then replace with an <iframe> element, you could create the <iframe> tag yourself. The first example in the Examples section shows how to do this.

<iframe id="player" type="text/html" width="640" height="390"
   src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/M7lc1UVf-VE?enablejsapi=1&origin=http://example.com"
   frameborder="0"></iframe>

Note that if you do write the <iframe> tag, then when you construct the YT.Player object, you do not need to specify values for the width and height, which are specified as attributes of the <iframe> tag, or the videoId and player parameters, which are are specified in the src URL. As an extra security measure, you should also include the origin parameter to the URL, specifying the URL scheme (http:// or https://) and full domain of your host page as the parameter value. While origin is optional, including it protects against malicious third-party JavaScript being injected into your page and hijacking control of your YouTube player.

For other examples on constructing video player objects, see Examples.

Operations

To call the player API methods, you must first get a reference to the player object you wish to control. You obtain the reference by creating a YT.Player object as discussed in the Getting started and Loading a video player sections of this document.

FunctionsQueueing functions

Queueing functions allow you to load and play a video, a playlist, or another list of videos. If you are using the object syntax described below to call these functions, then you can also queue or load a list of a user's uploaded videos.

The API supports two different syntaxes for calling the queueing functions.

The argument syntax requires function arguments to be listed in a prescribed order.

The object syntax lets you pass an object as a single parameter and to define object properties for the function arguments that you wish to set. In addition, the API may support additional functionality that the argument syntax does not support.

For example, the loadVideoById function can be called in either of the following ways. Note that the object syntax supports the endSeconds property, which the argument syntax does not support.

Argument syntax

loadVideoById("bHQqvYy5KYo", 5, "large")

Object syntax

loadVideoById({'videoId': 'bHQqvYy5KYo',
                'startSeconds': 5,
                'endSeconds': 60});

Queueing functions for videos
cueVideoById

Argument syntax


 player.cueVideoById(videoId:String,
                     startSeconds:Number):Void

Object syntax


 player.cueVideoById({videoId:String,
                      startSeconds:Number,
                      endSeconds:Number}):Void

This function loads the specified video's thumbnail and prepares the player to play the video. The player does not request the FLV until playVideo() or seekTo() is called.

The required videoId parameter specifies the YouTube Video ID of the video to be played. In the YouTube Data API, a video resource's id property specifies the ID.
The optional startSeconds parameter accepts a float/integer and specifies the time from which the video should start playing when playVideo() is called. If you specify a startSeconds value and then call seekTo(), then the player plays from the time specified in the seekTo() call. When the video is cued and ready to play, the player will broadcast a video cued event (5).
The optional endSeconds parameter, which is only supported in object syntax, accepts a float/integer and specifies the time when the video should stop playing when playVideo() is called. If you specify an endSeconds value and then call seekTo(), the endSeconds value will no longer be in effect.

loadVideoById

Argument syntax


 player.loadVideoById(videoId:String,
                      startSeconds:Number):Void

Object syntax


 player.loadVideoById({videoId:String,
                       startSeconds:Number,
                       endSeconds:Number}):Void

This function loads and plays the specified video.

The required videoId parameter specifies the YouTube Video ID of the video to be played. In the YouTube Data API, a video resource's id property specifies the ID.
The optional startSeconds parameter accepts a float/integer. If it is specified, then the video will start from the closest keyframe to the specified time.
The optional endSeconds parameter accepts a float/integer. If it is specified, then the video will stop playing at the specified time.

cueVideoByUrl

Argument syntax


 player.cueVideoByUrl(mediaContentUrl:String,
                      startSeconds:Number):Void

Object syntax


 player.cueVideoByUrl({mediaContentUrl:String,
                       startSeconds:Number,
                       endSeconds:Number}):Void

This function loads the specified video's thumbnail and prepares the player to play the video. The player does not request the FLV until playVideo() or seekTo() is called.

The required mediaContentUrl parameter specifies a fully qualified YouTube player URL in the format http://www.youtube.com/v/VIDEO_ID?version=3.
The optional startSeconds parameter accepts a float/integer and specifies the time from which the video should start playing when playVideo() is called. If you specify startSeconds and then call seekTo(), then the player plays from the time specified in the seekTo() call. When the video is cued and ready to play, the player will broadcast a video cued event (5).
The optional endSeconds parameter, which is only supported in object syntax, accepts a float/integer and specifies the time when the video should stop playing when playVideo() is called. If you specify an endSeconds value and then call seekTo(), the endSeconds value will no longer be in effect.

loadVideoByUrl

Argument syntax


 player.loadVideoByUrl(mediaContentUrl:String,
                       startSeconds:Number):Void

Object syntax


 player.loadVideoByUrl({mediaContentUrl:String,
                        startSeconds:Number,
                        endSeconds:Number}):Void

This function loads and plays the specified video.

Queueing functions for lists

The cuePlaylist and loadPlaylist functions allow you to load and play a playlist. If you are using object syntax to call these functions, you can also queue (or load) a list of a user's uploaded videos.

Since the functions work differently depending on whether they are called using the argument syntax or the object syntax, both calling methods are documented below.

cuePlaylist

Argument syntax


 player.cuePlaylist(playlist:String|Array,
                    index:Number,
                    startSeconds:Number):Void

Queues the specified playlist. When the playlist is cued and ready to play, the player will broadcast a video cued event (5).

The required playlist parameter specifies an array of YouTube video IDs. In the YouTube Data API, the video resource's id property identifies that video's ID.

The optional index parameter specifies the index of the first video in the playlist that will play. The parameter uses a zero-based index, and the default parameter value is 0, so the default behavior is to load and play the first video in the playlist.

The optional startSeconds parameter accepts a float/integer and specifies the time from which the first video in the playlist should start playing when the playVideo() function is called. If you specify a startSeconds value and then call seekTo(), then the player plays from the time specified in the seekTo() call. If you cue a playlist and then call the playVideoAt() function, the player will start playing at the beginning of the specified video.

Object syntax


 player.cuePlaylist({listType:String,
                     list:String,
                     index:Number,
                     startSeconds:Number}):Void

Queues the specified list of videos. The list can be a playlist or a user's uploaded videos feed. The ability to queue a list of search results is deprecated and will no longer be supported as of 15 November 2020.

When the list is cued and ready to play, the player will broadcast a video cued event (5).

The optional listType property specifies the type of results feed that you are retrieving. Valid values are playlist and user_uploads. A deprecated value, search, will no longer be supported as of 15 November 2020. The default value is playlist.

The required list property contains a key that identifies the particular list of videos that YouTube should return.

If the listType property value is playlist, then the list property specifies the playlist ID or an array of video IDs. In the YouTube Data API, the playlist resource's id property identifies a playlist's ID, and the video resource's id property specifies a video ID.
If the listType property value is user_uploads, then the list property identifies the user whose uploaded videos will be returned.
If the listType property value is search, then the list property specifies the search query. Note: This functionality is deprecated and will no longer be supported as of 15 November 2020.

The optional index property specifies the index of the first video in the list that will play. The parameter uses a zero-based index, and the default parameter value is 0, so the default behavior is to load and play the first video in the list.

The optional startSeconds property accepts a float/integer and specifies the time from which the first video in the list should start playing when the playVideo() function is called. If you specify a startSeconds value and then call seekTo(), then the player plays from the time specified in the seekTo() call. If you cue a list and then call the playVideoAt() function, the player will start playing at the beginning of the specified video.

loadPlaylist

Argument syntax


 player.loadPlaylist(playlist:String|Array,
                     index:Number,
                     startSeconds:Number):Void

This function loads the specified playlist and plays it.

The required playlist parameter specifies an array of YouTube video IDs. In the YouTube Data API, the video resource's id property specifies a video ID.

The optional startSeconds parameter accepts a float/integer and specifies the time from which the first video in the playlist should start playing.

Object syntax


 player.loadPlaylist({list:String,
                      listType:String,
                      index:Number,
                      startSeconds:Number}):Void

This function loads the specified list and plays it. The list can be a playlist or a user's uploaded videos feed. The ability to load a list of search results is deprecated and will no longer be supported as of 15 November 2020.

The required list property contains a key that identifies the particular list of videos that YouTube should return.

If the listType property value is playlist, then the list property specifies a playlist ID or an array of video IDs. In the YouTube Data API, the playlist resource's id property specifies a playlist's ID, and the video resource's id property specifies a video ID.
If the listType property value is user_uploads, then the list property identifies the user whose uploaded videos will be returned.
If the listType property value is search, then the list property specifies the search query. Note: This functionality is deprecated and will no longer be supported as of 15 November 2020.

The optional startSeconds property accepts a float/integer and specifies the time from which the first video in the list should start playing.

Playback controls and player settings
Playing a video
player.playVideo():Void
Plays the currently cued/loaded video. The final player state after this function executes will be playing (1).

Note: A playback only counts toward a video's official view count if it is initiated via a native play button in the player.

player.pauseVideo():Void
Pauses the currently playing video. The final player state after this function executes will be paused (2) unless the player is in the ended (0) state when the function is called, in which case the player state will not change.

player.stopVideo():Void
Stops and cancels loading of the current video. This function should be reserved for rare situations when you know that the user will not be watching additional video in the player. If your intent is to pause the video, you should just call the pauseVideo function. If you want to change the video that the player is playing, you can call one of the queueing functions without calling stopVideo first.

Important: Unlike the pauseVideo function, which leaves the player in the paused (2) state, the stopVideo function could put the player into any not-playing state, including ended (0), paused (2), video cued (5) or unstarted (-1).

player.seekTo(seconds:Number, allowSeekAhead:Boolean):Void
Seeks to a specified time in the video. If the player is paused when the function is called, it will remain paused. If the function is called from another state (playing, video cued, etc.), the player will play the video.

The seconds parameter identifies the time to which the player should advance.

The player will advance to the closest keyframe before that time unless the player has already downloaded the portion of the video to which the user is seeking.

The allowSeekAhead parameter determines whether the player will make a new request to the server if the seconds parameter specifies a time outside of the currently buffered video data.

We recommend that you set this parameter to false while the user drags the mouse along a video progress bar and then set it to true when the user releases the mouse. This approach lets a user scroll to different points of a video without requesting new video streams by scrolling past unbuffered points in the video. When the user releases the mouse button, the player advances to the desired point in the video and requests a new video stream if necessary.

Controlling playback of 360° videos

Note: The 360° video playback experience has limited support on mobile devices. On unsupported devices, 360° videos appear distorted and there is no supported way to change the viewing perspective at all, including through the API, using orientation sensors, or responding to touch/drag actions on the device's screen.

player.getSphericalProperties():Object
Retrieves properties that describe the viewer's current perspective, or view, for a video playback. In addition:

This object is only populated for 360° videos, which are also called spherical videos.
If the current video is not a 360° video or if the function is called from a non-supported device, then the function returns an empty object.
On supported mobile devices, if the enableOrientationSensor property is set to true, then this function returns an object in which the fov property contains the correct value and the other properties are set to 0.

The object contains the following properties:

Properties

yaw
A number in the range [0, 360) that represents the horizontal angle of the view in degrees, which reflects the extent to which the user turns the view to face further left or right. The neutral position, facing the center of the video in its equirectangular projection, represents 0°, and this value increases as the viewer turns left.

pitch
A number in the range [-90, 90] that represents the vertical angle of the view in degrees, which reflects the extent to which the user adjusts the view to look up or down. The neutral position, facing the center of the video in its equirectangular projection, represents 0°, and this value increases as the viewer looks up.

roll
A number in the range [-180, 180] that represents the clockwise or counterclockwise rotational angle of the view in degrees. The neutral position, with the horizontal axis in the equirectangular projection being parallel to the horizontal axis of the view, represents 0°. The value increases as the view rotates clockwise and decreases as the view rotates counterclockwise.

Note that the embedded player does not present a user interface for adjusting the roll of the view. The roll can be adjusted in either of these mutually exclusive ways:

Use the orientation sensor in a mobile browser to provide roll for the view. If the orientation sensor is enabled, then the getSphericalProperties function always returns 0 as the value of the roll property.
If the orientation sensor is disabled, set the roll to a nonzero value using this API.

fov
A number in the range [30, 120] that represents the field-of-view of the view in degrees as measured along the longer edge of the viewport. The shorter edge is automatically adjusted to be proportional to the aspect ratio of the view.

The default value is 100 degrees. Decreasing the value is like zooming in on the video content, and increasing the value is like zooming out. This value can be adjusted either by using the API or by using the mousewheel when the video is in fullscreen mode.

player.setSphericalProperties(properties:Object):Void
Sets the video orientation for playback of a 360° video. (If the current video is not spherical, the method is a no-op regardless of the input.)

The player view responds to calls to this method by updating to reflect the values of any known properties in the properties object. The view persists values for any other known properties not included in that object.

In addition:

If the object contains unknown and/or unexpected properties, the player ignores them.
As noted at the beginning of this section, the 360° video playback experience is not supported on all mobile devices.
By default, on supported mobile devices, this function sets only sets the fov property and does not affect the yaw, pitch, and roll properties for 360° video playbacks. See the enableOrientationSensor property below for more detail.

The properties object passed to the function contains the following properties:

Properties

yaw
See definition above.

pitch
See definition above.

roll
See definition above.

fov
See definition above.

enableOrientationSensor
Note: This property affects the 360° viewing experience on supported devices only.A boolean value that indicates whether the IFrame embed should respond to events that signal changes in a supported device's orientation, such as a mobile browser's DeviceOrientationEvent. The default parameter value is true.

Supported mobile devices

When the value is true, an embedded player relies only on the device's movement to adjust the yaw, pitch, and roll properties for 360° video playbacks. However, the fov property can still be changed via the API, and the API is, in fact, the only way to change the fov property on a mobile device. This is the default behavior.
When the value is false, then the device's movement does not affect the 360° viewing experience, and the yaw, pitch, roll, and fov properties must all be set via the API.

Unsupported mobile devices

The enableOrientationSensor property value does not have any effect on the playback experience.

Playing a video in a playlist

player.nextVideo():Void
This function loads and plays the next video in the playlist.

If player.nextVideo() is called while the last video in the playlist is being watched, and the playlist is set to play continuously (loop), then the player will load and play the first video in the list.

If player.nextVideo() is called while the last video in the playlist is being watched, and the playlist is not set to play continuously, then playback will end.

player.previousVideo():Void
This function loads and plays the previous video in the playlist.

If player.previousVideo() is called while the first video in the playlist is being watched, and the playlist is set to play continuously (loop), then the player will load and play the last video in the list.

If player.previousVideo() is called while the first video in the playlist is being watched, and the playlist is not set to play continuously, then the player will restart the first playlist video from the beginning.

player.playVideoAt(index:Number):Void
This function loads and plays the specified video in the playlist.

The required index parameter specifies the index of the video that you want to play in the playlist. The parameter uses a zero-based index, so a value of 0 identifies the first video in the list. If you have shuffled the playlist, this function will play the video at the specified position in the shuffled playlist.

Changing the player volume

player.mute():Void
Mutes the player.

player.unMute():Void
Unmutes the player.

player.isMuted():Boolean
Returns true if the player is muted, false if not.

player.setVolume(volume:Number):Void
Sets the volume. Accepts an integer between 0 and 100.

player.getVolume():Number
Returns the player's current volume, an integer between 0 and 100. Note that getVolume() will return the volume even if the player is muted.
Setting the player size

player.setSize(width:Number, height:Number):Object
Sets the size in pixels of the <iframe> that contains the player.

Setting the playback rate
player.getPlaybackRate():Number
This function retrieves the playback rate of the currently playing video. The default playback rate is 1, which indicates that the video is playing at normal speed. Playback rates may include values like 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.

player.setPlaybackRate(suggestedRate:Number):Void
This function sets the suggested playback rate for the current video. If the playback rate changes, it will only change for the video that is already cued or being played. If you set the playback rate for a cued video, that rate will still be in effect when the playVideo function is called or the user initiates playback directly through the player controls. In addition, calling functions to cue or load videos or playlists (cueVideoById, loadVideoById, etc.) will reset the playback rate to 1.

Calling this function does not guarantee that the playback rate will actually change. However, if the playback rate does change, the onPlaybackRateChange event will fire, and your code should respond to the event rather than the fact that it called the setPlaybackRate function.

The getAvailablePlaybackRates method will return the possible playback rates for the currently playing video. However, if you set the suggestedRate parameter to a non-supported integer or float value, the player will round that value down to the nearest supported value in the direction of 1.

player.getAvailablePlaybackRates():Array
This function returns the set of playback rates in which the current video is available. The default value is 1, which indicates that the video is playing in normal speed.

The function returns an array of numbers ordered from slowest to fastest playback speed. Even if the player does not support variable playback speeds, the array should always contain at least one value (1).

Setting playback behavior for playlists

player.setLoop(loopPlaylists:Boolean):Void

This function indicates whether the video player should continuously play a playlist or if it should stop playing after the last video in the playlist ends. The default behavior is that playlists do not loop.

This setting will persist even if you load or cue a different playlist, which means that if you load a playlist, call the setLoop function with a value of true, and then load a second playlist, the second playlist will also loop.

The required loopPlaylists parameter identifies the looping behavior.

If the parameter value is true, then the video player will continuously play playlists. After playing the last video in a playlist, the video player will go back to the beginning of the playlist and play it again.

If the parameter value is false, then playbacks will end after the video player plays the last video in a playlist.

player.setShuffle(shufflePlaylist:Boolean):Void

This function indicates whether a playlist's videos should be shuffled so that they play back in an order different from the one that the playlist creator designated. If you shuffle a playlist after it has already started playing, the list will be reordered while the video that is playing continues to play. The next video that plays will then be selected based on the reordered list.

This setting will not persist if you load or cue a different playlist, which means that if you load a playlist, call the setShuffle function, and then load a second playlist, the second playlist will not be shuffled.

The required shufflePlaylist parameter indicates whether YouTube should shuffle the playlist.

If the parameter value is true, then YouTube will shuffle the playlist order. If you instruct the function to shuffle a playlist that has already been shuffled, YouTube will shuffle the order again.

If the parameter value is false, then YouTube will change the playlist order back to its original order.

Playback status
player.getVideoLoadedFraction():Float
Returns a number between 0 and 1 that specifies the percentage of the video that the player shows as buffered. This method returns a more reliable number than the now-deprecated getVideoBytesLoaded and getVideoBytesTotal methods.

player.getPlayerState():Number
Returns the state of the player. Possible values are:

-1 – unstarted
0 – ended
1 – playing
2 – paused
3 – buffering
5 – video cued

player.getCurrentTime():Number
Returns the elapsed time in seconds since the video started playing.

player.getVideoStartBytes():Number
Deprecated as of October 31, 2012. Returns the number of bytes the video file started loading from. (This method now always returns a value of 0.) Example scenario: the user seeks ahead to a point that hasn't loaded yet, and the player makes a new request to play a segment of the video that hasn't loaded yet.

player.getVideoBytesLoaded():Number

Deprecated as of July 18, 2012. Instead, use the getVideoLoadedFraction method to determine the percentage of the video that has buffered.

This method returns a value between 0 and 1000 that approximates the amount of the video that has been loaded. You could calculate the fraction of the video that has been loaded by dividing the getVideoBytesLoaded value by the getVideoBytesTotal value.

player.getVideoBytesTotal():Number

Deprecated as of July 18, 2012. Instead, use the getVideoLoadedFraction method to determine the percentage of the video that has buffered.

Returns the size in bytes of the currently loaded/playing video or an approximation of the video's size.

This method always returns a value of 1000. You could calculate the fraction of the video that has been loaded by dividing the getVideoBytesLoaded value by the getVideoBytesTotal value.

Retrieving video information
player.getDuration():Number
Returns the duration in seconds of the currently playing video. Note that getDuration() will return 0 until the video's metadata is loaded, which normally happens just after the video starts playing.

If the currently playing video is a live event, the getDuration() function will return the elapsed time since the live video stream began. Specifically, this is the amount of time that the video has streamed without being reset or interrupted. In addition, this duration is commonly longer than the actual event time since streaming may begin before the event's start time.

player.getVideoUrl():String
Returns the YouTube.com URL for the currently loaded/playing video.

player.getVideoEmbedCode():String
Returns the embed code for the currently loaded/playing video.

Retrieving playlist information
player.getPlaylist():Array
This function returns an array of the video IDs in the playlist as they are currently ordered. By default, this function will return video IDs in the order designated by the playlist owner. However, if you have called the setShuffle function to shuffle the playlist order, then the getPlaylist() function's return value will reflect the shuffled order.

player.getPlaylistIndex():Number
This function returns the index of the playlist video that is currently playing.

If you have not shuffled the playlist, the return value will identify the position where the playlist creator placed the video. The return value uses a zero-based index, so a value of 0 identifies the first video in the playlist.

If you have shuffled the playlist, the return value will identify the video's order within the shuffled playlist.

Adding or removing an event listener

player.addEventListener(event:String, listener:String):Void
Adds a listener function for the specified event. The Events section below identifies the different events that the player might fire. The listener is a string that specifies the function that will execute when the specified event fires.

player.removeEventListener(event:String, listener:String):Void
Removes a listener function for the specified event. The listener is a string that identifies the function that will no longer execute when the specified event fires.

Accessing and modifying DOM nodes

player.getIframe():Object
This method returns the DOM node for the embedded <iframe>.

player.destroy():Void
Removes the <iframe> containing the player.

Events

The API fires events to notify your application of changes to the embedded player. As noted in the previous section, you can subscribe to events by adding an event listener when constructing the YT.Player object, and you can also use the addEventListener function.

The API will pass an event object as the sole argument to each of those functions. The event object has the following properties:

The event's target identifies the video player that corresponds to the event.
The event's data specifies a value relevant to the event. Note that the onReady and onAutoplayBlocked events do not specify a data property.

The following list defines the events that the API fires:

onReady
This event fires whenever a player has finished loading and is ready to begin receiving API calls. Your application should implement this function if you want to automatically execute certain operations, such as playing the video or displaying information about the video, as soon as the player is ready.

The example below shows a sample function for handling this event. The event object that the API passes to the function has a target property, which identifies the player. The function retrieves the embed code for the currently loaded video, starts to play the video, and displays the embed code in the page element that has an id value of embed-code.


 function onPlayerReady(event) {
   var embedCode = event.target.getVideoEmbedCode();
   event.target.playVideo();
   if (document.getElementById('embed-code')) {
     document.getElementById('embed-code').innerHTML = embedCode;
   }
 }

onStateChange
This event fires whenever the player's state changes.

The data property of the event object that the API passes to your event listener function will specify an integer that corresponds to the new player state.

Possible values are:

-1 (unstarted)
0 (ended)
1 (playing)
2 (paused)
3 (buffering)
5 (video cued).

When the player first loads a video, it will broadcast an unstarted (-1) event. When a video is cued and ready to play, the player will broadcast a video cued (5) event. In your code, you can specify the integer values or you can use one of the following namespaced variables:

YT.PlayerState.ENDED
YT.PlayerState.PLAYING
YT.PlayerState.PAUSED
YT.PlayerState.BUFFERING
YT.PlayerState.CUED

onPlaybackQualityChange
This event fires whenever the video playback quality changes. It might signal a change in the viewer's playback
environment. See the YouTube Help Center for more
information about factors that affect playback conditions or that might cause the event to fire.

The data property value of the event object that the API passes to the event listener function will be a string that identifies the new playback quality.

Possible values are:

small
medium
large
hd720
hd1080
highres

onPlaybackRateChange
This event fires whenever the video playback rate changes. For example, if you call the setPlaybackRate(suggestedRate) function, this event will fire if the playback rate actually changes. Your application should respond to the event and should not assume that the playback rate will automatically change when the setPlaybackRate(suggestedRate) function is called. Similarly, your code should not assume that the video playback rate will only change as a result of an explicit call to setPlaybackRate.

The data property value of the event object that the API passes to the event listener function will be a number that identifies the new playback rate.

The getAvailablePlaybackRates method returns a list of the valid playback rates for the currently cued or playing video.

onError
This event fires if an error occurs in the player.

The API will pass an event object to the event listener function. That object's data property will specify an integer that identifies the type of error that occurred.

Possible values are:

2 – The request contains an invalid parameter value. For example, this error occurs if you specify a video ID that does not have 11 characters, or if the video ID contains invalid characters, such as exclamation points or asterisks. 5 – The requested content cannot be played in an HTML5 player or another error related to the HTML5 player has occurred. 100 – The video requested was not found. This error occurs when a video has been removed (for any reason) or has been marked as private.
101 – The owner of the requested video does not allow it to be played in embedded players.
150 – This error is the same as 101. It's just a 101 error in disguise!

onApiChange
This event is fired to indicate that the player has loaded (or unloaded) a module with exposed API methods. Your application can listen for this event and then poll the player to determine which options are exposed for the recently loaded module. Your application can then retrieve or update the existing settings for those options.

The following command retrieves an array of module names for which you can set player options:

player.getOptions();

Currently, the only module that you can set options for is the captions module, which handles closed captioning in the player. Upon receiving an onApiChange event, your application can use the following command to determine which options can be set for the captions module:

player.getOptions('captions');

By polling the player with this command, you can confirm that the options you want to access are, indeed, accessible. The following commands retrieve and update module options:

Retrieving an option:
 player.getOption(module, option);Setting an option
 player.setOption(module, option, value);

The table below lists the options that the API supports:

Module
Option
Description

captions
fontSize
This option adjusts the font size of the captions displayed in the player.

Valid values are -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3. The default size is 0, and the smallest size is -1. Setting this option to an integer below -1 will cause the smallest caption size to display, while setting this option to an integer above 3 will cause the largest caption size to display.

captions
reload
This option reloads the closed caption data for the video that is playing. The value will be null if you retrieve the option's value. Set the value to true to reload the closed caption data.

onAutoplayBlocked
This event fires any time the browser blocks autoplay or scripted video playback features,
collectively referred to as "autoplay". This includes playback attempted with any of the
following player APIs:

autoplay parameter
loadPlaylist function
loadVideoById function
loadVideoByUrl function
playVideo function

Most browsers have policies that can block autoplay in desktop, mobile, and other
environments if certain conditions are true. Instances where this policy may be triggered
include unmuted playback without user
interaction, or when a Permissions Policy
to permit autoplay on a cross-origin iframe has not been set.

For complete details, refer to browser-specific policies
(Apple Safari / Webkit,
Google Chrome,
Mozilla Firefox)
and Mozilla's autoplay guide.

Examples
Creating YT.Player objects

Example 1: Use API with existing <iframe>

In this example, an <iframe> element on the page already defines the player with which the API will be used. Note that either the player's src URL must set the enablejsapi parameter to 1 or the <iframe> element's enablejsapi attribute must be set to true.

The onPlayerReady function changes the color of the border around the player to orange when the player is ready. The onPlayerStateChange function then changes the color of the border around the player based on the current player status. For example, the color is green when the player is playing, red when paused, blue when buffering, and so forth.

This example uses the following code:

<iframe id="existing-iframe-example"
         width="640" height="360"
         src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/M7lc1UVf-VE?enablejsapi=1"
         frameborder="0"
         style="border: solid 4px #37474F"
 ></iframe><script type="text/javascript">
   var tag = document.createElement('script');
   tag.id = 'iframe-demo';
   tag.src = 'https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api';
   var firstScriptTag = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
   firstScriptTag.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, firstScriptTag);  var player;
   function onYouTubeIframeAPIReady() {
     player = new YT.Player('existing-iframe-example', {
         events: {
           'onReady': onPlayerReady,
           'onStateChange': onPlayerStateChange
         }
     });
   }
   function onPlayerReady(event) {
     document.getElementById('existing-iframe-example').style.borderColor = '#FF6D00';
   }
   function changeBorderColor(playerStatus) {
     var color;
     if (playerStatus == -1) {
       color = "#37474F"; // unstarted = gray
     } else if (playerStatus == 0) {
       color = "#FFFF00"; // ended = yellow
     } else if (playerStatus == 1) {
       color = "#33691E"; // playing = green
     } else if (playerStatus == 2) {
       color = "#DD2C00"; // paused = red
     } else if (playerStatus == 3) {
       color = "#AA00FF"; // buffering = purple
     } else if (playerStatus == 5) {
       color = "#FF6DOO"; // video cued = orange
     }
     if (color) {
       document.getElementById('existing-iframe-example').style.borderColor = color;
     }
   }
   function onPlayerStateChange(event) {
     changeBorderColor(event.data);
   }
 </script>

Example 2: Loud playback

This example creates a 1280px by 720px video player. The event listener for the onReady event then calls the setVolume function to adjust the volume to the highest setting.

function onYouTubeIframeAPIReady() {
   var player;
   player = new YT.Player('player', {
     width: 1280,
     height: 720,
     videoId: 'M7lc1UVf-VE',
     events: {
       'onReady': onPlayerReady,
       'onStateChange': onPlayerStateChange,
       'onError': onPlayerError
     }
   });
 }function onPlayerReady(event) {
   event.target.setVolume(100);
   event.target.playVideo();
 }

Example 3: This example sets player parameters to automatically play the video when it loads and to hide the video player's controls. It also adds event listeners for several events that the API broadcasts.

function onYouTubeIframeAPIReady() {
   var player;
   player = new YT.Player('player', {
     videoId: 'M7lc1UVf-VE',
     playerVars: { 'autoplay': 1, 'controls': 0 },
     events: {
       'onReady': onPlayerReady,
       'onStateChange': onPlayerStateChange,
       'onError': onPlayerError
     }
   });
 }

Controlling 360° videos

This example uses the following code:

<style>
   .current-values {
     color: #666;
     font-size: 12px;
   }
 </style>
 <!-- The player is inserted in the following div element -->
 <div id="spherical-video-player"></div><!-- Display spherical property values and enable user to update them. -->
 <table style="border: 0; width: 640px;">
   <tr style="background: #fff;">
     <td>
       <label for="yaw-property">yaw: </label>
       <input type="text" id="yaw-property" style="width: 80px"><br>
       <div id="yaw-current-value" class="current-values"> </div>
     </td>
     <td>
       <label for="pitch-property">pitch: </label>
       <input type="text" id="pitch-property" style="width: 80px"><br>
       <div id="pitch-current-value" class="current-values"> </div>
     </td>
     <td>
       <label for="roll-property">roll: </label>
       <input type="text" id="roll-property" style="width: 80px"><br>
       <div id="roll-current-value" class="current-values"> </div>
     </td>
     <td>
       <label for="fov-property">fov: </label>
       <input type="text" id="fov-property" style="width: 80px"><br>
       <div id="fov-current-value" class="current-values"> </div>
     </td>
     <td style="vertical-align: bottom;">
       <button id="spherical-properties-button">Update properties</button>
     </td>
   </tr>
 </table><script type="text/javascript">
   var tag = document.createElement('script');
   tag.id = 'iframe-demo';
   tag.src = 'https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api';
   var firstScriptTag = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
   firstScriptTag.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, firstScriptTag);  var PROPERTIES = ['yaw', 'pitch', 'roll', 'fov'];
   var updateButton = document.getElementById('spherical-properties-button');  // Create the YouTube Player.
   var ytplayer;
   function onYouTubeIframeAPIReady() {
     ytplayer = new YT.Player('spherical-video-player', {
         height: '360',
         width: '640',
         videoId: 'FAtdv94yzp4',
     });
   }  // Don't display current spherical settings because there aren't any.
   function hideCurrentSettings() {
     for (var p = 0; p < PROPERTIES.length; p++) {
       document.getElementById(PROPERTIES[p] + '-current-value').innerHTML = '';
     }
   }  // Retrieve current spherical property values from the API and display them.
   function updateSetting() {
     if (!ytplayer || !ytplayer.getSphericalProperties) {
       hideCurrentSettings();
     } else {
       let newSettings = ytplayer.getSphericalProperties();
       if (Object.keys(newSettings).length === 0) {
         hideCurrentSettings();
       } else {
         for (var p = 0; p < PROPERTIES.length; p++) {
           if (newSettings.hasOwnProperty(PROPERTIES[p])) {
             currentValueNode = document.getElementById(PROPERTIES[p] +
                                                        '-current-value');
             currentValueNode.innerHTML = ('current: ' +
                 newSettings[PROPERTIES[p]].toFixed(4));
           }
         }
       }
     }
     requestAnimationFrame(updateSetting);
   }
   updateSetting();  // Call the API to update spherical property values.
   updateButton.onclick = function() {
     var sphericalProperties = {};
     for (var p = 0; p < PROPERTIES.length; p++) {
       var propertyInput = document.getElementById(PROPERTIES[p] + '-property');
       sphericalProperties[PROPERTIES[p]] = parseFloat(propertyInput.value);
     }
     ytplayer.setSphericalProperties(sphericalProperties);
   }
 </script>

Android WebView Media Integrity API integration

YouTube has extended the
Android WebView Media Integrity API
to enable embedded media players, including YouTube player embeds in Android applications, to
verify the embedding app's authenticity. With this change, embedding apps automatically send an
attested app ID to YouTube. The data collected through usage of this API is the app metadata (the
package name, version number, and signing certificate) and a device attestation token generated by
Google Play services.

The data is used to verify the application and device integrity. It is encrypted, not shared with
third parties, and deleted following a fixed retention period. App developers can
configure their app identity
in the WebView Media Integrity API. The configuration supports an opt-out option.

Revision history

June 24, 2024

The documentation has been updated to note that YouTube has extended the
Android WebView Media Integrity API
to enable embedded media players, including YouTube player embeds in Android applications, to
verify the embedding app's authenticity. With this change, embedding apps automatically send an
attested app ID to YouTube.

November 20, 2023

The new onAutoplayBlocked event API is now available.
This event notifies your application if the browser blocks autoplay or scripted playback.
Verification of autoplay success or failure is an
established paradigm
for HTMLMediaElements, and the onAutoplayBlocked event now provides similar
functionality for the IFrame Player API.

April 27, 2021

The Getting Started and Loading a Video Player sections have been updated to include examples of using a playerVars object to customize the player.

October 13, 2020

Note: This is a deprecation announcement for the embedded player
functionality that lets you configure the player to load search results. This announcement affects
the IFrame Player API's queueing functions for lists,
cuePlaylist and
loadPlaylist.

This change will become effective on or after 15 November 2020. After that time, calls to the
cuePlaylist or loadPlaylist functions that set the listType
property to search will generate a 4xx response code, such as
404 (Not Found) or 410 (Gone). This change
also affects the list property for those functions as that property no longer
supports the ability to specify a search query.

As an alternative, you can use the YouTube Data API's
search.list method to retrieve search
results and then load selected videos in the player.

October 24, 2019

The documentation has been updated to reflect the fact that the API no longer supports functions for setting or retrieving playback quality.
As explained in this YouTube Help Center article, to give you the best viewing
experience, YouTube adjusts the quality of your video stream based on your viewing conditions.

The changes explained below have been in effect for more than one year. This update merely aligns
the documentation with current functionality:

The getPlaybackQuality, setPlaybackQuality, and getAvailableQualityLevels functions
are no longer supported. In particular, calls to setPlaybackQuality will be no-op functions, meaning they will
not actually have any impact on the viewer's playback experience.
The queueing functions for videos and playlists -- cueVideoById,
loadVideoById, etc. -- no longer support the suggestedQuality argument.
Similarly, if you call those functions using object syntax, the suggestedQuality field is no longer supported.
If suggestedQuality is specified, it will be ignored when the request is handled. It will not generate any
warnings or errors.
The onPlaybackQualityChange event is still supported and might signal a
change in the viewer's playback environment. See the Help Center article
referenced above for more information about factors that affect playback conditions or that might cause the event to fire.

May 16, 2018

The API now supports features that allow users (or embedders) to control the viewing perspective for 360° videos:

The getSphericalProperties function retrieves the current orientation for the video playback. The orientation includes the following data:

yaw - represents the horizontal angle of the view in degrees, which reflects the extent to which the user turns the view to face further left or right
pitch - represents the vertical angle of the view in degrees, which reflects the extent to which the user adjusts the view to look up or down
roll - represents the rotational angle (clockwise or counterclockwise) of the view in degrees.
fov - represents the field-of-view of the view in degrees, which reflects the extent to which the user zooms in or out on the video.

The setSphericalProperties function modifies the view to match the submitted property values. In addition to the orientation values described above, this function supports a Boolean field that indicates whether the IFrame embed should respond to DeviceOrientationEvents on supported mobile devices.

This example demonstrates and lets you test these new features.

June 19, 2017

This update contains the following changes:

Documentation for the YouTube Flash Player API and YouTube JavaScript Player API has been removed and redirected to this document. The deprecation announcement for the Flash and JavaScript players was made on January 27, 2015. If you haven't done so already, please migrate your applications to use IFrame embeds and the IFrame Player API.

August 11, 2016

This update contains the following changes:

The newly published YouTube API Services Terms of Service ("the Updated Terms"), discussed in detail on the YouTube Engineering and Developers Blog, provides a rich set of updates to the current Terms of Service. In addition to the Updated Terms, which will go into effect as of February 10, 2017, this update includes several supporting documents to help explain the policies that developers must follow.

The full set of new documents is described in the revision history for the Updated Terms. In addition, future changes to the Updated Terms or to those supporting documents will also be explained in that revision history. You can subscribe to an RSS feed listing changes in that revision history from a link in that document.

June 29, 2016

This update contains the following changes:

The documentation has been corrected to note that the onApiChange method provides access to the captions module and not the cc module.

June 24, 2016

The Examples section has been updated to include an example that demonstrates how to use the API with an existing <iframe> element.

January 6, 2016

The clearVideo function has been deprecated and removed from the documentation. The function no longer has any effect in the YouTube player.

December 18, 2015

European Union (EU) laws require that certain disclosures must be given to and consents obtained from end users in the EU. Therefore, for end users in the European Union, you must comply with the EU User Consent Policy. We have added a notice of this requirement in our YouTube API Terms of Service.

April 28, 2014

This update contains the following changes:

The new removeEventListener function lets you remove a listener for a specified event.

March 25, 2014

This update contains the following changes:

The Requirements section has been updated to note that embedded players must have a viewport that is at least 200px by 200px. If a player displays controls, it must be large enough to fully display the controls without shrinking the viewport below the minimum size. We recommend 16:9 players be at least 480 pixels wide and 270 pixels tall.

July 23, 2013

This update contains the following changes:

The Overview now includes a video of a 2011 Google I/O presentation that discusses the iframe player.

October 31, 2012

This update contains the following changes:

The Queueing functions section has been updated to explain that you can use either argument syntax or object syntax to call all of those functions. Note that the API may support additional functionality in object syntax that the argument syntax does not support.

In addition, the descriptions and examples for each of the video queueing functions have been updated to reflect the newly added support for object syntax. (The API's playlist queueing functions already supported object syntax.)

When called using object syntax, each of the video queueing functions supports an endSeconds property, which accepts a float/integer and specifies the time when the video should stop playing when playVideo() is called.

The getVideoStartBytes method has been deprecated. The method now always returns a value of 0.

August 22, 2012

This update contains the following changes:

The example in the Loading a video player section that demonstrates how to manually create the <iframe> tag has been updated to include a closing </iframe> tag since the onYouTubeIframeAPIReady function is only called if the closing </iframe> element is present.

August 6, 2012

This update contains the following changes:

The Operations section has been expanded to list all of the supported API functions rather than linking to the JavaScript Player API Reference for that list.

The API supports several new functions and one new event that can be used to control the video playback speed:

Functions

getAvailablePlaybackRates – Retrieve the supported playback rates for the cued or playing video. Note that variable playback rates are currently only supported in the HTML5 player.
getPlaybackRate – Retrieve the playback rate for the cued or playing video.
setPlaybackRate – Set the playback rate for the cued or playing video.

Events

onPlaybackRateChange – This event fires when the video's playback rate changes.

July 19, 2012

This update contains the following changes:

The new getVideoLoadedFraction method replaces the now-deprecated getVideoBytesLoaded and getVideoBytesTotal methods. The new method returns the percentage of the video that the player shows as buffered.

The onError event may now return an error code of 5, which indicates that the requested content cannot be played in an HTML5 player or another error related to the HTML5 player has occurred.

The Requirements section has been updated to indicate that any web page using the IFrame API must also implement the onYouTubeIframeAPIReady function. Previously, the section indicated that the required function was named onYouTubePlayerAPIReady. Code samples throughout the document have also been updated to use the new name.

Note: To ensure that this change does not break existing implementations, both names will work. If, for some reason, your page has an onYouTubeIframeAPIReady function and an onYouTubePlayerAPIReady function, both functions will be called, and the onYouTubeIframeAPIReady function will be called first.

The code sample in the Getting started section has been updated to reflect that the URL for the IFrame Player API code has changed to http://www.youtube.com/iframe_api. To ensure that this change does not affect existing implementations, the old URL (http://www.youtube.com/player_api) will continue to work.

July 16, 2012

This update contains the following changes:

The Operations section now explains that the API supports the setSize() and destroy() methods. The setSize() method sets the size in pixels of the <iframe> that contains the player and the destroy() method removes the <iframe>.

June 6, 2012

This update contains the following changes:

We have removed the experimental status from the IFrame Player API.

The Loading a video player section has been updated to point out that when inserting the <iframe> element that will contain the YouTube player, the IFrame API replaces the element specified in the constructor for the YouTube player. This documentation change does not reflect a change in the API and is intended solely to clarify existing behavior.

In addition, that section now notes that the insertion of the <iframe> element could affect the layout of your page if the element being replaced has a different display style than the inserted <iframe> element. By default, an <iframe> displays as an inline-block element.

March 30, 2012

This update contains the following changes:

The Operations section has been updated to explain that the IFrame API supports a new method, getIframe(), which returns the DOM node for the IFrame embed.

March 26, 2012

This update contains the following changes:

The Requirements section has been updated to note the minimum player size.

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#15. Refactor Switch Statements in JavaScript | by Ajay Verma

Since the dictionary mapping is similar to object creation in JavaScript, taking the inspiration from Python, we can replace the switch ...

#16. Don't Use If-Else and Switch in JavaScript, Use Object Literals

Writing complex conditionals in JavaScript has always had the potential to create some pretty messy code. Long lists of if/else statements ...

#17. JavaScript switch Statement (with Examples) - Programiz

In this tutorial, you will learn about the JavaScript switch statement with the help of examples.

#18. Replacing Nested Switch Statements with Objects

Replacing Nested Switch Statements with Objects. Posted By : Ishaan Madan | 25-Sep-2017. javascript. I came across a scenario in which I had to use nested ...

#19. Replace Conditional with Polymorphism - Refactoring.Guru

Problem: You have a conditional that performs various actions depending on object type or properties. Solution: Create subclasses matching the branches of ...

#20. JavaScript switch case Statement with Practical Examples

This tutorial shows you how to use the JavaScript switch case statement to evaluate a ... In practice, you often use a switch statement to replace a complex ...

#21. JavaScript switch Statement - W3Schools

Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, ...

#22. The "switch" statement - The Modern JavaScript Tutorial

A switch statement can replace multiple if checks. ... The switch has one or more case blocks and an optional default. It looks like this:.

#23. Deprecating the switch statement for Object literals - Reddit

15 votes, 32 comments. 2.4M subscribers in the javascript community. r/javascript has gone private in protest of Reddit's recent behavior ...

#24. 重構- 改善既有程式的設計- Switch Statements - jyt0532's Blog

解法 · Replace Conditional with Polymorphism · Replace Parameter with Explicit Methods · Introduce Null Object.

#25. A functional switch to replace switch statements

Switch statements just comes with a lot of boiler plate function sillyReact(language) { let res switch (language) { case 'javascript': res ...

#26. Replace your switch statement and multiple "if and else ...

Replace your switch statement and multiple "if and else", using Object Literals - [en-US]. Tauan Tathiell, Dev.to. React JavaScript. A switch is a function ...

#27. Replacing Switch with Object Literals | Sophie Au

I've always had a bit of a strained relationship with switch-statements, especially in JavaScript. Their syntax just feels different from ...

#28. Switch statements in javascript - How to refactor?

This can be avoided by using Javascript object. ... we can replace the switch statement with multiple objects which is not a bad idea.

#29. "switch" statements should have at least 3 "case" clauses

switch statements are useful when there are many different cases depending on the value of the same expression. For just one or two cases however, the code ...

#30. How to Use switch Statements in JS - Tabnine Academy

A switch statement is a form of a conditional statement. It will execute a code block if a certain condition is met. Switch statements are ...

#31. How to replace the names of multiple object keys with the ...

Javascript · This is the native approach and quite a simple one too. · In this approach we will directly pick up the object key and will change ...

#32. switch - Manual - PHP

The switch statement is similar to a series of IF statements on the same expression. In many occasions, you may want to compare the same variable (or ...

#33. Drop the Switch Statement for this Functional Programming ...

Lots of JavaScript developers love to hate the switch statement, ... He was proposing this concept as a functional replacement to ...

#34. switch - JavaScript - MDN Web Docs - Mozilla

The switch statement evaluates an expression, matching the expression's value against a series of case clauses, and executes statements ...

#35. Replace an object in an array with another object in JavaScript

We can replace an object in an array with another object in JavaScript using splice() method as well as map() method.

#36. Code Smells, Switch Statement – Object Oriented Abusers

In a more purely JS strategy, use a factory to build the object with the ... solution above is to replace the switch with polymorphism.

#37. Dart Programming - Switch Case Statement - Tutorialspoint

Dart Programming Switch Case Statement - The switch statement evaluates an expression, matches the expressionâ€™s value to a case clause and executes the ...

#38. You might not need switch in JavaScript - Valentino Gagliardi

Java folks are so fond of switch , and so are JavaScript developers. ... You can do some sampling with the following snippet, just replace ...

#39. [SOLVED] Why not use ternary operators/switch statements ...

Actually, Javascript is unique in that it has the ability to use any data type with switch statements, including objects. Answer 51c010fe52f8633132007d35. 0 ...

#40. Replace multiple if statements with a single switch statement

We demonstrate the trick with a simple issue: Determine the quarter of a given date. Since the month in JavaScript is zero-based, the month of a given date ...

#41. 自此使用Object字面量取代switch - 无声告白

更具效率。在JavaScript中也不例外，switch…case语句在处理多条件判断时仍然很锋利，不过使用Object字面量完全可以取代它 ...

#42. Don't Be a Basic Coder And Use 5 Possibilities to Avoid The ...

Why am I constantly adding new cases to any switch-case? ... The reasons not to migrate from JavaScript to TypeScript!

#43. Replace Conditional Statements (IF/ELSE or SWITCH) With ...

Current focus lies in the development of applications involving the usuage of javascript and java related frameworks. My areas o... Follow.

#44. Javascript Switch Statement (with Examples) - Tutorials Tonight

In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the switch statement and how to use it in javascript to control the flow of the program with example.

#45. Why I prefer objects over switch statements - Hacker News

Of course though, it is true that switch statements in JavaScript have issues with ... I can replace "ugly" with "hard-to-read" if you want.

#46. Iterating through a collection of JSON objects after a switch ...

I need to iterate through the JSON object keys and display the data on the ... of view you want so you could remove your useless switch and replace with.

#47. Using the JavaScript Switch Statement (with Examples)

The switch expression is evaluated once · The value of the expression is compared with the values of each case · If there is a match, the ...

#48. Programmatic Navigation - Vue Router

js // literal string path router.push('/users/eduardo') // object with path ... It's also possible to directly add a property replace: true to the to ...

#49. .replaceWith() | jQuery API Documentation

Description: Replace each element in the set of matched elements with the ... replaceWith() method, like most jQuery methods, returns the jQuery object so ...

#50. ECMAScript® 2024 Language Specification - TC39

4.3.1 Objects; 4.3.2 The Strict Variant of ECMAScript ... 4.4.6 object; 4.4.7 constructor; 4.4.8 prototype; 4.4.9 ordinary object; 4.4.10 exotic object ...

#51. Typescript vs Javascript: Should You Make the Switch? - Atatus

JavaScript was a phenomenal language but it had just one shortcoming, it could not rise up to the standard of an object-oriented programming ...

#52. Rethinking JavaScript: Eliminate the switch statement for ...

Rethinking JavaScript: Replace break by going functional_In my last ... I could also create a function to wrap the object literal and at the ...

#53. 3 Ways to Clone Objects in JavaScript | SamanthaMing.com

Because objects in JavaScript are references values, you can't simply just copy ... JSON replace function with null and function in object with undefined ...

#54. JavaScript Switch Case with Example - Learn in 12 Mins

Learn the execution flow of JavaScript Switch Case Statement with syntax and example. Also, see the working of Break statement, Multiple cases and same ...

#55. Golang Switch Case Conditional Statements

In this tutorial you will learn how to use Golang switch-case conditional statements to test an expression against a range of different values.

#56. Replace a substring with String object in Javascript

c o m return text.replace(/[<>"&]/g, function(match, pos, originalText){ switch(match){ case "<": return ...

#57. Cory House on Twitter: "A map object is often an elegant ...

The map's values can be strings, numbers, or even functions. Here's an example of using a map to replace a switch:.

#58. [리팩토링]Replace switch statement with Object - Code

JavaScript │Node js. [리팩토링]Replace switch statement with Object. 자유코딩 2019. 11 ...

#59. Replacing object extension - Shapespark Community

If you export all the object alternatives from your 3D modeling tool to Shapespark, you will be able to use the Switch objects extension to ...

#60. How to replace switch with Object literals - Javascript

What is this game object replacement script? How can I replace each case in a switch statement? What is the difference between Switch and ...

#61. Conditional Statements: If, Else, and Switch - KIRUPA

A JavaScript Book by Kirupa?!! To kick your JavaScript skills into outer space, everything you need to become a JS expert is available in both paperback and ...

#62. Perform data operations in Azure Logic Apps - Microsoft Learn

Create a string or JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) object from ... enter the following expression but replace <array-property-name> with ...

#63. Erase and Replace - Runway

Easily remove objects from images and replace them by entering descriptive text.

#64. Substituindo a instrução switch por Object Literal

javascript • 16 de Set de 2020. Introdução. Object Literal é um bom substituto da instrução procedural switch. O switch apresenta alguns problemas — o ...

#65. Eliminating Cylclomatic Complexity by replacing switch/case ...

We can replace the switch statement with a single method call. ... Well, one option is to use a Dictionary<int, object[]>.

#66. Add Firebase to your JavaScript project - Google

After you initialize a Firebase App object in your code, you can add and start using Firebase services. Do you use ESM and want to use browser modules? Replace ...

#67. CoffeeScript

CoffeeScript is a little language that compiles into JavaScript. ... compile will return an object of the form {js, v3SourceMap, sourceMap} . options.

#68. Remove Your If-Else and Switch Cases - Level Up Coding

“What's our alternatives?” · Model concepts with classes · Use polymorphic execution when dealing with changing object states · Encapsulate ...

#69. Replace Conditional With Map Refactoring - Rado's Blog

Not every switch case is the same. Some times you can't easily convert a switch or group of ifs to an object map.

#70. Ramda Documentation

const greet = R.replace('{name}', R.__, 'Hello, {name}!'); greet('Alice'); //=> 'Hello, Alice!' add Math. Number → Number → Number. Parameters.

#71. History - React Router: Declarative Routing for React.js

history · length - (number) The number of entries in the history stack · action - (string) The current action ( PUSH , REPLACE , or POP ) · location - (object) The ...

#72. 17.9.1 API Reference - joi.dev

The schema can be a plain JavaScript object where every key is assigned a joi type ... const custom = Joi.defaults((schema) => { switch (schema.type) { case ...

#73. FormControlLabel API - Material UI - MUI

Drop-in replacement of the Radio , Switch and Checkbox component. ... object. The system prop that allows defining system overrides as well as additional ...

#74. Documentation - Migrating from JavaScript - TypeScript

How to migrate from JavaScript to TypeScript. ... which is helpful if you never want to forget a break statement between case s in a switch block.

#75. Stripe JS Reference

The Stripe object is your entrypoint to the rest of the Stripe.js SDK. ... When you're ready to accept live payments, replace the test key with your live ...

#76. Web Apps for Bots - Telegram APIs

Telegram bots can completely replace any website. ... Bot developers can create infinitely flexible interfaces with JavaScript, the most widely used ...

#77. Replace Switch statement with Record - Typescript

You can also fork this sandbox and keep building it using our online code editor for React, JavaScript, Node.js, and other web programming languages. The live ...

#78. YouTube Player API Reference for iframe Embeds

Using the API's JavaScript functions, you can queue videos for playback; play, pause, ... The <iframe> (and video player) will replace this <div> tag. -->

#79. AI Replace - Swap Faces, Change Hair Color in Photos and ...

object swap with picsart ai replace. Swap a photo now. Dreaming of a new hairstyle? Want to switch up the color of your room? No matter what your creative ...

#80. Controls - Storybook

Button.stories.ts|tsx // Replace your-framework with the name of your ... have automatically created the following defaults in .storybook/preview.js : ...

#81. Replace Color in Image Instantly with Online Color Changer

Fotor's color changer can change the color of the image to offer more possibilities for your photos. Change background color of woman image. Color Replacement ...

#82. Routing: Linking and Navigating - Next.js

encodeURIComponent is used in the example to keep the path utf-8 compatible. Alternatively, using a URL Object: import Link from ...

#83. codecs — Codec registry and base classes — Python 3.11.4 ...

Otherwise, the CodecInfo object is stored in the cache and returned to the caller. ... On decoding, replace byte with individual surrogate code ranging from ...

#84. Avoid switch! Use enum! - Schneide Blog

When I realized most of that code was some kind of switch-case or ... you don't want an enum, but a classical object instance.

#85. Replacing switch statements with Object literals - velog

JavaScript 는 중괄호를 사용하지만 스위치는 그렇지 않다. Object Literal lookups. function getDrink (type) { var drinks = { 'coke': 'Coke', 'pepsi ...

#86. JavaScript · Bootstrap v5.0

If Bootstrap detects jQuery in the window object it'll add all of our components in jQuery's plugin system; this means you'll be able to do $('[data-bs-toggle=" ...

#87. Lodash Documentation

[comparator] (Function): The comparator invoked per element. Returns. (Array): Returns the new array of filtered values. Example. var objects = [{ ...

#88. Specials (Unicode block) - Wikipedia

Version Final code points Count L2 ID 1.0.0 U+FFFD 1 1.0.0 U+FFFE..FFFF 2 1.0.0 U+FFFE..FFFF 2 L2/01‑295R

#89. Explore auto layout properties - Figma Help Center

Add Layout grids to that frame; Apply Constraints to any objects within an auto ... Select the box and use arrow keys to switch between the different ...

#90. db.collection.updateMany() — MongoDB Manual

To update with a replacement document, see db.collection.replaceOne() . ... See $switch for more information on the $switch aggregation operator.

#91. Theme Configuration - Tailwind CSS

The theme section of your tailwind.config.js file is where you define your project's ... The theme object contains keys for screens , colors , and spacing ...

#92. Switch to Object Literals - An Idiosyncratic Blog

In this post, I'll show how I use Objects instead of switch statement in JavaScript. Why though? There are some things about switch statement ...

#93. Convert string to array javascript typescript stackoverflow

You will also get the empty string ("") to replace any individual element ... So I want to convert a base64 string to the javascript file object like that.

#94. Using the Switch(true) Pattern in JavaScript - Seán Barry

This pattern can be used in so many different situations - often to replace complex if/else statements. A common scenario this pattern becomes ...

#95. Alternative to JavaScript's switch statement with a functional twist

The same goes for most other JavaScript features such as the for and while ... Why would anyone want to replace the switch statement in the ...

#96. JavaScript Switch Statements: A Comprehensive Guide for ...

Advanced Techniques For Optimizing Switch Statement Performance · Use Integer Values · Use Object Literals · Use Break Statements.

#97. [JS] Switch Case 的使用| PJCHENder 未整理筆記

Switch statement 做的事是把帶入 switch(action) 中的參數 action ，去和 case 'say_hello' 後面 ... Why I prefer objects over switch statements ...

#98. Beginning Regular Expressions - 第 741 頁 - Google 圖書結果

See also JavaScript; JScript described, 5 lines comprised entirely of desired ... 474 RegExp object, described, 455–456 Replace() method, RegExp object, ...

#99. The Electrical Engineer: An Illustrated Record and Review of ...

The Town Council have decided to replace the present modern clock dials ( which are opaque ... These will be controlled from switches in the town hall .

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