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“เยอรมนี” ประเทศที่เป็นสุดยอดแห่งความก้าวหน้าทางวิศวกรรม
ตั้งแต่เครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้า เครื่องจักร ยานยนต์ ไปจนถึงระบบอาณัติสัญญาณรถไฟฟ้า

เครื่องมือเครื่องใช้สัญชาติเยอรมันถึงแม้จะมีราคาสูง...
Continue ReadingWhy is Germany a country of engineering? / By Investing Man
′′ Germany ′′ the top country of engineering advancement
From electrical appliances, automotive to mandatory system, electric car signals.

German Citizenship Tools Even With High Prices
But it comes with more performance, durability and innovation than anyone.

Many companies that are even over 100 years old.
But these German brands still guarantee their unmatched quality and expertise.

And where does Germany's engineering progress come from?

Welcome to the article series ′′ Branding the Nation ′′ branding instead of country.
Episode why is Germany a country of engineering?
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Investman wants to take everyone back to the 19th century industrial revolution era.

As many people already know that
Britain is the first country in the world to have an industrial revolution since July. B.E. 1780
Followed by Belgium and France

While the economy of other countries in Europe is turning through to progress.
Germany just reunited countries by land which is now Germany. Just completely united for the first time on July. Year 1871 which is the same as the reign of King Rama 5 of the Kingdom of Siam.

From the gathering of German tribes led by the Northern Prussian Kingdom.
With little and big south under the lead of Emperor Wilhelm 1
And Prime Minister Ottoffon Bi Mark

The industrial revolution later made Germans not want to waste their time. Try wrong, try right.
To develop the country to thrive.

The important thing in this regard is to put the process of education and research systematically, therefore, the government puts ′′ education reform ′′ first.

Even many European countries have founded the university since medieval times.
But Europe's academics won't be much involved in the business and industry.

Academics are posing as ′′ gentlemen ′′ not doing business and not messing with industrial sector.
The mechanics, technicians, or anyone involved in the industrial sector will be seen as lower than academics.

But German education doesn't look that way..

With Germany's absence of colony and its revolutionizing industrial slower than many countries.
The only thing that could make the Empire that was recently advanced further than others.
It's scientific advancement, especially in ′′ applied science

Under the lead of Bismarck, huge educational budgeting occurred.
Educational welfare is founded in technical college.
Educational emphasis on Technician and Engineering Career Specifically

Berlin's Technical College of Berlin was established in Year B.E. 1879
Developed from the college of mining that was founded in kho. B.E. 1770
This place is currently the Technical University of Berlin (Technische Universität Berlin)

Apart from Berlin
Technical universities are also established at other states around the country during the evacuation time.
Technical University of Darmstutt, established in July. B.E. 1877
Hannopher Technical University established in July B.E. 1879

Having a unique university in Technician and Engineering
Make a lot of workforce and technicians
When these workers graduate, they can enter into industrial sector immediately.

Government also supports universities to cooperate with industrial sector.
There is a collaborative research between academics and businessmen in industry circles.

Engineering research is easily implemented in the business world.
When businesses can make profit, they give money back to support research.
Later on, many big companies start having their own research and development institutions.

Germany's engineering development is growing in a leap.
Especially in the steel industry.

The German Empire Steel Industry Center is located around the Roore River Valley.
Aka Ruhrgebiet (Ruhrgebiet) which is west of the country.
This area is a major source of iron and coal mineral, with an epicenter in Esseen.

But originally, most steel industries use mild steel, these iron are fragile.
Make it not yet applied for much use.

For steel to be stronger and more durable, it is necessary to transform the chemical structure of steel by fusing and filling the mineral into steel.

But ironing requires a very high temperature at the moment, no effective and cost effective stove for production.

How to produce Siemens-Martin Steel
Which was invented in July. 1865 by 2 researchers
One of them is German named Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens
Created an accelerated steel squid oven that can heat up to 1,500 degrees Celsius.
It's called a pan stove or open hearth furnace.

With education system that strongly connects research and industrial sector.
Not long ago, German steel company brought a new refiner.
xỳāng rwdrĕw application in the steel industry

Led by steel company called ′′ Krupp ′′

Krupp company founded by the Krupp family has a history back to mid 16th century.
There is an office located in Esseen during which German railway expands rapidly.
Esen City becomes the center of the steel industry.
Krupp company also leads to manufacturing metal-based products such as railroad tracks and locomotives.

Alfred Krupp has funded research to find out how to produce steel.
Scholarship to the scholars when a new refiner comes out successfully.
Krupp company has become a leader in global export steel production.
From railroad tracks, development to machinery and factories.

Not long ago, Germany was on board, Europe's major steel manufacturer overtakes England.

Krupp company currently has merged with Thyssen steel company.
Became a ′′ Thyssenkrupp ′′ company.

Even the steel industry is going to lower the role.
But Thyssenkrupp has continued to be a leader in engine parts.
Aircraft, elevator and escalator components.

Apart from the steel industry, another industry in which German engineering knowledge has advanced over many countries during the same time is the electrical industry.
Led by a company called ′′ Siemens ′′

Founder of this company is Werner von Siemens Berlin electric engineer
This is the real brother of Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens who invented steel production methods.

Werner von Siemens has automatically invented a typed telegram system.
Instead of knocking, using Morse code, then founded Siemens company in July. B.E. 1847

Siemens company has expanded its business across Europe and USA.

Werner von Siemens also the world's first electric elevator developer in July. B.E. 1880
The inventor of mechanical dynamo that transforms mechanical energy into electric energy.
And build an electric bus or Trolley Bus in July. B.E. 1882

Siemens are currently the world's leading electrical engineering company.
There are a variety of products from electronics, electric car, medical tools.
Electric train signal system to wind turbine technology

In addition to Thyssenkrupp and Siemens, the brand is under 100 years old.
Germany also has many engineering companies that all have the same age.

The whole Leica company founded in July. B.E. 1869
Expert in the production of eyelet lenses, medical devices and cameras.

AEG company founded in July. 1883 Manufacturer of large generator and tram system

Osram company separated from Siemens in July. Prof. 1909 is a leader in light bulb technology.

Dedication to developing applied science education and connecting to the business sector, opens new advancements in engineering.
And bring Germany to step up, standing in the front line of the world's leading industrial countries.

But not only the advancements in the steel and electrical industry.

Founded Technical University will produce important people in the science industry.
To take Germany to open the world into a new industry.

Industry that will forever change people's lifestyle
′′ The chemical industry "..

Prepare to meet the article series ′′ Branding the Nation ′′ to build brand instead of country.
In the next episode coming soon..
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Love this article. Must read this book.
′′ 1,000 year world economy ′′
If you want to know the possibilities of the world economy, you need to understand

1,000 year world economy, 6th print.

This book will talk about the history of the world economy since Fri 1100 Keep going until 1100 B.E. 2019

Lazada: https://www.lazada.co.th/products/1000-i714570154-s1368712682.html

Shopee: https://shopee.co.th/product/116732911/6716121161
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References
- Robert C. Allen, World Economic History
- Chattip Nak Supha, History of Comparative Industrial Revolution
-.. .. Chachphon Kolkathada, a war that never won.
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_hearth_furnace
-https://www.thyssenkrupp.com/en/productsTranslated

สรุป ประเทศ เลบานอน ฉบับสมบูรณ์ /โดย ลงทุนแมน
เลบานอน ประเทศเล็กๆ ที่ตั้งอยู่ในภูมิภาคตะวันออกกลาง
มีชายฝั่งทะเลเมดิเตอร์เรเนียนอยู่ทางทิศตะวันตก
ทิศเหนือและทิศตะวันออกถูกล้อมรอบด้วยประเทศซีเรีย ส่วนทางทิศใต้ติดกับประเทศอิสราเอล
...Continue ReadingSummary of Lebanon. Complete edition / Investman
Lebanon, a small country located in the Middle East region.
There's a Mediterranean coast on the west.
North and East are surrounded by Syria, south bound by Israel.

When I see from the location, it's not difficult to guess.
Conflict and Civil War from neighboring countries
Must impact the economy of this country. Not more or less.

Even Lebanon doesn't have as much oil as other Arab countries in the Middle East region.
But did you know that people in this country have more GDP per capita than Thai people..

So what is the economy of Lebanon now?
Investman will tell you about it.
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Lebanon has an area of only 10,452 square kilometers close to Khon Kaen province.
But there are over 6.8 million population
Making population density in this country up to 650 people per square kilometer.

Density populations come from country's abundance.
Lebanese area is one of the most fertile areas in the Middle East area.
And by the Mediterranean coastline.
This land is so many people have come to colonize as a trade city since thousands of years ago.

Historically, this land was formerly the Phoenician Empire which has been famous for railroading and trade since 3,000 years ago, Kristol.
Before being mixed into the Roman Empire.

When I arrived in the Middle Ages, this land became a Christian community in the Crusade war.

Lebanese lands were taken over by the Ottoman Empire, which was the Muslim Empire until the Ottoman Empire collapsed after losing WWII, the British and France champions.
So the lands were brought into their own mandate.

By France, Mediterranean coastal lands take over.
Subsequently divided into northern Syria, drought and fruitful southern Lebanon.

Lebanese's fertility makes Beirut Capital become a major commercial hub of the region. Lebanese businessmen have developed capital into financial hub.

When rich, money comes to build a beautiful jar house building according to French influence until Beirut is nicknamed ′′ Paris of Middle East

When I get independence from France in July. B.E. 1943

Lebanese independence period, there are more Christians than Muslims.
So there is a national agreement that the president must be Christians.
But then when Muslims are more proportional, they start to offend.
There are several incident of presidential assassination.

Lebanon is the only country in the Middle East with Christians in the highest proportion.
It's about 35 % of the population, while another population of 60 % are Muslims.

Religious conflict led to Lebanese civil war that lasted over 15 years.
Since the year of July. 1975-1975 1990 Damage to the beautiful buildings of Beirut

In terms of the economy.
Lebanon is a fertile country so it exports many crops.
Especially crops growing in a Mediterranean climate.
Grapes, olives, fruits, citrus and nuts, including wine and olive oil.

But agricultural crops are not Lebanese's most important export products..

Lebanon's number 1 export product is 41 % gems and jewelry.
Year 2019, Lebanon exports these products to over 37,000 million baht.
Lebanon doesn't have many sources of minerals or gems.

With regard to Beirut is a trading and financial hub.
A Lebanese businessman is an international trade associate in Africa and Arab countries.

No import tax on mineral assets, metals and jewellery enables Lebanon to import precious mineral from African countries for cheap.
Plus, the smart Lebanese artisans and wage are almost half cheaper than European regional artisans.

Make Beirut one of the key gemstone hubs.
Tabbah company Lebanese jewelry company leaders in jewelry design
There are customers all over the world

Apart from agricultural produce and gems
With Lebanon's foundations of ancient kingdoms.
Lebanon has many ancient landmarks, Roman Theatre, Christ Church.
The Ottoman Mosque is a small country but has more than 5 cultural world heritage.

Tourism is a major economic sector. In 2018, there were 4.7 million tourists.
Make money over 2.6 hundred thousand baht.

Not much population but Lebanon has economic diversity
Make Lebanese economic size 1.8 trillion baht
Lebanese have GDP per capita 267,000 baht.
More than Thai people with GDP per capita, 237,000 baht.

However, since the Civil War in Syria.
Slow down Lebanese's economy, especially tourism sector
By the number of tourists dropped from the highest point in 2012, at 5.5 million to nearly 1 million people.

Reduced income has deficit Lebanon.
Government expenditure increasing, both from economic stimulating policies.
And to support over 1 million Syrian immigrants.
Lebanese public debt skyrocketed to 155 % of GDP

So the government needs to earn more income by trying to tax both cigarettes, oil tax and tax for phone calls via social media from Social Media such as WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, FaceTime

This causes displeasure to the public that led to violent protests in 2019
Destroyed Lebanon's GDP in 2019, more than 5.6 % negative.

But that wasn't enough..

2020 Lebanon's economy was repeated by the COVID-19 outbreak.
Lebanon has more than 5,000 COVID-19 infected people amid a heavy outbreak in the region, especially neighboring countries like Israel.
Make tourism and economic activity halt
Repeat the broken economy. Let's get worse

Besides that, there was a recent incident unexpectedly..
Big bomb incident 2 ripple at Port Beirut on August 4
Heavy damage to Beirut, Lebanese economic hub.

Government has set for capital to become disaster areas.
And declared an emergency situation for 2 weeks

Nobody knows when this bad thing will end.
2020 was a heavy year for all countries
And the most tough country should have this country in it.. Lebanon

May everything go well.
#PrayForLebanon..
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References
-http://www.worldstopexports.com/lebanons-top-10-exports/
-https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/countries/124/export-basket
-https://blog.blominvestbank.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lebanese-Jewelry-Industry-Radiant-yet-Opaque1.pdf
-https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=LBTranslated

เซเนกัล จากอดีตเมืองท่าค้าทาส สู่ความท้าทายในปัจจุบัน /โดย ลงทุนแมน
ช่วงศตวรรษที่ 15 ถึงศตวรรษที่ 19 เปรียบเสมือนฝันร้ายของชาวแอฟริกัน
มหาอำนาจในยุคล่าอาณานิคมต่างเดินทางมาแอฟริกาเพราะต้องการ “แรงงานทาส”

หนึ่งในแหล่งค้าทาสที่สำคัญในสมัยนั้น คือประเทศที่มีเมืองหลวงตั้งอยู่ตะวันตกสุดของทวีปแอฟริกา...
Continue ReadingSenegal from former slave traffickers to current challenges / by Investing Man
The 15th to 19th century is like an African nightmare.
The power of colonial hunting era came to Africa because they wanted ′′ slave labor ′′

One of the major source of slave traffickers in those days is the country with capital in Africa's continent's far west.
named ′′ Republic of Senegal ′′

What story is this country going through
Investing man will tell you about it.
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Senegal name comes from Portuguese that means part of the water.
Due to the west land of the country adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean.

Senegal Capital called ′′ Dakar ′′ located west of the country and west of Africa.

Location is conducive to maritime trade
Dakar becomes the center of West Africa's major trade.

The first nation to set up a trade station is Portugal, the world colonial in the early era.
To exchange goods with African capitalists
Especially ′′ slave labor ′′
To apply to labor in Brazilian cane farm, Portugal colonies in those days.

Slaves in the African continent will be brought to Dakar.
Then boarded to an island called Gory.
A small island 3 km from Dakar city in the Atlantic Ocean.
To wait for exchange with another product
This island place is called ′′ House of Slaves

After Portugal, the power of those days took over this island.
Both England, Netherlands
To export slaves to labor in their colony

But the nation that influences Senegal the most is France.

The year of July. Prof. 1659 West African area becomes a French colony.
This includes Senegal

France set Dakar to be a trade hub with West African countries.
And got the right to occupy Gory Island from Netherlands.
To export slaves to labor in South North America.

And set up a city to expand trade at the Senate River's mouth.
300 km from Dakar city, north along the coastline.
Name this city ′′ St. Louis ′′

France lays the foundation for Senegal as a trade goal to Africa.
Build a railroad between Dakar and St. Louis for shipping.

Also laying the education foundation for locals
To help with product trade
By the founding of the University in Dakar and St. Louis

That's why Senegal uses French in government language.
And use Saefa fringe as the main currency of the country.

And then the 5 century slavery trade ended in mid 19th century.

Later in July Prof. 1960 Senegal is also free from the French colony.
Been ruling the country with president and local government since then.

Even Senegal is a major economic hub of West Africa.
But due to over half of the country, the upper part is in the Sahara Desert.
Making space for farming is limited
So relying on large amounts of foreign food imports and energy.

Assembled with main export products like mineral phosphate. Products from peanut oil fishery are low value.

Government loaned a lot of foreign debt to spend.
And intervene in domestic product prices to low levels.
Senegal is missing the account balance. Keep walking.

Poor in the year. Prof. 1994 Senegal government needs economic reform.

Starting from decreasing 50 % of Zefa's money, causing domestic inflation to 32 % immediately because imported products have higher prices.

From the beginning Senegal used a fixed exchange rate tied to the Euro, it changed to the floating exchange rate.
Reducing government price interventions
And receive subsidy from IMF and other countries like France, USA.

Even the economy can move on.
But Senegal is still missing the account balance. Keep walking.
From relying on foreign imports and subsidies all the time.

Year 2016, lack of accounting. 4.2 % of GDP.
Year 2017, lack of accounting. 7.3 % of GDP.
Year 2018, lack of accounting. 6.9 % of GDP.

So, so
Senegal challenge right now
How to manage resources and value goods in the country
To be more dependent on yourself.
No need to wait for foreign aid all the time.

From Senegal's story, a lesson that we learned.
Although most African countries now have better status from the past with the slave trade.
But these countries are going to have a small economic size.
Because of lack of exportable product development at high value
And rely on importing from foreign goods

Most developed countries are the opposite.
Importing products will be imported to produce high value goods to export.

Trick it's up to what these countries do
To be free from this problem
Which, if possible, will eventually make the economy equal to other countries..
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References
-https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview
-https://www.britannica.com/place/Senegal
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal
-https://tradingeconomics.com/senegal/current-account-to-gdp
-https://www.britannica.com/place/Goree-Island
-https://www.britannica.com/topic/transatlantic-slave-tradeTranslated